{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T02:09:17Z","timestamp":1789697357533,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collection of non\u2010leukoreduced citrate\u2010phosphate\u2010dextrose\u2010adenine (CPDA\u20101) whole blood is performed in walking blood banks. Blood collected under field conditions may have increased risk of bacterial contamination. This study was conducted to examine the effects of WBC reduction and storage temperature on growth of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (ATCC\u00ae 25922\u2122) in CPDA\u20101 whole blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CPDA\u20101 whole blood of 450\u00a0ml from 10 group O donors was inoculated with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. Two hours after inoculation, the test bags were leukoreduced with a platelet\u2010sparing filter. The control bags remained unfiltered. Each whole blood bag was then split into three smaller bags for further storage at 2\u20136\u00b0C, 20\u201324\u00b0C, or 33\u201337\u00b0C. Bacterial growth was quantified immediately, 2 and 3\u2009h after inoculation, on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for all storage temperatures, and on days 21 and 35 for storage at 2\u20136\u00b0C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole blood was inoculated with a median of 19.5 (range 12.0\u201332.0) colony\u2010forming units per ml (CFU\/ml) <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. After leukoreduction, a median of 3.3\u00a0CFU\/ml (range 0.0\u201333.3) <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> remained. In the control arm, the WBCs phagocytized <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> within 24\u2009h at 20\u201324\u00b0C and 33\u201337\u00b0C in 9 of 10 bags. During storage at 2\u20136\u00b0C, a slow self\u2010sterilization occurred over time with and without leukoreduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Storage at 20\u201324\u00b0C and 33\u201337\u00b0C for up to 24\u2009h before leukoreduction reduces the risk of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\u2010contamination in CPDA\u20101 whole blood. Subsequent storage at 2\u20136\u00b0C will further reduce the growth of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T13:13:28Z","timestamp":1626441208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of leukoreduction and temperature on risk of bacterial growth in <scp>CPDA<\/scp>\u20101 whole blood: A study of <scp><i>Escherichia coli<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne","family":"Braathen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joar","family":"Sivertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6798-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turid Helen Felli","family":"Lunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geir","family":"Strandenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of War Surgery and Emergency Medicine Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Christoffer","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Assmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor Audun","family":"Hervig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haugesund Hospital  Haugesund Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8823-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torunn Oveland","family":"Apelseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of War Surgery and Emergency Medicine Norwegian Armed Forces Medical Services  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1658-3876(08)50042-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Implementation of a low titer group O whole blood program for a law enforcement tactical team","volume":"60","author":"Fisher AD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.4.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2705-2706.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"ATCC.Escherichia coli(ATCC 25922). 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