{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:05:13Z","timestamp":1791389113903,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early treatment has a positive effect on autoimmune encephalitis. However, different treatments have individual differences and corresponding contraindications in the clinical. Few reports have described the application of immunoadsorption with Staphylococcal Protein A Column (SPA\u2010IA) in neuroimmune diseases. We aimed to observe the safety and efficiency of SPA\u2010IA in autoimmune encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed three cases of autoimmune encephalitis wherein the first\u2010line treatment was ineffective or contraindicated. The clinical features and prognosis during and after SPA\u2010IA are described in detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients were definitely diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. After treated with SPA\u2010IA, all antibody titers, except for the serum antibody titer in Patient 2, were markedly decreased in both the cerebral spinal fluid and serum. The mean fibrinogen levels before and after SPA\u2010IA were stable, and there were no clinical bleeding events. The modified Rankin Scale scores and their symptoms improved significantly after the last SPA\u2010IA session or 3\u2009months later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SPA\u2010IA may be a viable, efficacious, and safe treatment alternative for autoimmune encephalitis with contraindications to traditional treatment or poor response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T13:54:30Z","timestamp":1630504470000},"page":"3272-3276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Immunoadsorption with staphylococcal protein A column in autoimmune encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3507-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-7153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunzhou","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunsha","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-2154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03930-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Chinese consensus for diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"50","author":"Chinese Society of Neurology","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J 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