{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1789172046493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood donations must be tested for evidence of syphilis, a transfusion\u2010transmitted infection. Screening blood for syphilis\u2010related antibodies greatly reduced the risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted syphilis (TTS). It is commonly believed that <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> (Tp<jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>, the bacterium causing syphilis, does not survive in blood during cold storage\u2014suggested as one reason why no cases of TTS have been recognized in the United States for many years. Some have suggested that routine syphilis screening of blood donations is no longer needed. To address the effect of storage, we investigated the survival of Tp experimentally spiked into blood and platelets stored under conventional conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We spiked fresh human blood products with high concentrations of Tp and inoculated samples at intervals into rabbits, a sensitive assay detecting infectious Tp. We tested whole blood (WB) stored refrigerated (1\u20136\u00b0C) for 9\u2009days and platelets stored at room temperature for 7\u2009days or refrigerated for 14\u2009days. We assayed sera of the rabbits collected at intervals for seroconversion using two different tests and assessed orchitis. Rabbits were considered infected if one or both serological test results became positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viable Tp survived 7\u2009days in WB and 6\u2009days in platelets stored at both ambient and cold temperatures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tp at concentrations much higher than those possibly present in an infected blood unit survived in cold blood products longer than previously reported and, thus, storage conditions cannot be relied upon to eliminate <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic> from blood or platelets. TTS remains a topic of concern for public health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T18:17:42Z","timestamp":1631902662000},"page":"3181-3189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of storage on survival of infectious <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i> spiked in whole blood and platelets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Pratistha","family":"Tamrakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion\u2010Infected Diseases US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus","family":"Bett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion\u2010Infected Diseases US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth Damaris","family":"Molano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Management  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna","family":"Ayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion\u2010Infected Diseases US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion\u2010Infected Diseases US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion\u2010Infected Diseases US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.29-49.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats18\/syphilis.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30991048793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1969.tb04909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tm.2001.26956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"21 CFR Part 610. General Biological Products Standards. Subpart E. Testing Requirements for Relevant Transfusion\u2010Transmitted Infections. Sec. 610.40 Test Requirements."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Recommendations for Screening Testing and Management of Blood Donors and Blood and Blood Components Based on Screening Tests for Syphilis. December 2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/85283\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2011.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0805-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1984.tb01586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1985.tb01131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Rabbit models for studying human infectious diseases","volume":"65","author":"Peng X","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0094-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01153-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.35.100181.000333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: Bacterial Risk Control Strategies for Blood Collection Establishments and Transfusion Services to Enhance the Safety and Availability of Platelets for Transfusion. December 2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/123448\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Exceptions and Alternative Procedures Approved Under 21 CFR 640.120. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/regulation-blood-supply\/exceptions-and-alternative-procedures-approved-under-21-cfr-640120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"121st Blood Products Advisory Committee Meeting Silver Spring MD 2019 Nov 22. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/132379\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Syphilis testing in blood donors: an update","volume":"13","author":"Kaur G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc12a01s7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-833996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"21 CFR Part 610.General Biological products Standards. Subpart F. Dating period Limitations. Sec. 610.53 Dating periods for Whole Blood and blood components."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1965.tb02924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.04125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00090-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00023.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.16655","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.16655","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.16655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:01:23Z","timestamp":1693191683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.16655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.16655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.16655","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}