{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1788258789908,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune neutropenia of early childhood (AIN) is caused by autoantibodies directed against antigens on the neutrophil membrane. The ABO, secretor, and Lewis histo\u2010blood group systems control the expression of carbohydrate antigens and have previously been linked to autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between genotypes and the risk of AIN in Danish patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred fifty\u2010four antibody\u2010positive AIN patients were included. Controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0400) were healthy unrelated Danish blood donors. Molecular determination of ABO, secretor (<jats:italic>FUT2<\/jats:italic>), and Lewis (<jats:italic>FUT3<\/jats:italic>) genotypes were determined using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Sanger sequencing to infer the prevalence of Lewis antigens (Le<jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup> and Le<jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>) and secretor (SeSe or Sese) or nonsecretor (sese) phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood type O was more common in controls (46.8%) than in AIN patients (36.4%) (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.65; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028). Secretors of H Le<jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup> antigens were less frequent among AIN patients (25.2%) than controls (35.0%) (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.62; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.037).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ABO blood group antigens and the secretion of these antigens are associated with a diagnosis of AIN. The mechanism underlying the association between autoimmunity and interaction among ABO, secretor, and Lewis genotypes has not yet been elucidated, but several studies indicate a connection to the gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T11:41:01Z","timestamp":1657107661000},"page":"1636-1642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>ABO<\/scp>, secretor, and Lewis carbohydrate histo\u2010blood groups are associated with autoimmune neutropenia of early childhood in Danish patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstine","family":"Kl\u00f8ve\u2010Mogensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania Nicole","family":"Masmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunodeficiency Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Glenth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Hemoglobinopathies, Department of Hematology Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thure Mors","family":"Haunstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter","family":"H\u00f6glund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hasle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaspar 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