{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:54:57Z","timestamp":1792598097760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Japan, 41 million blood donations have been screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) during the past 8.4\u2009years using individual donation nucleic acid amplification testing (ID\u2010NAT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti\u2010HBc) screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusion\u2010transmitted HBV infection (TT\u2010HBV) incidence was examined. Donated blood implicated in TT\u2010HBV was analyzed for infection stage and DNA levels. Causative HBV strains were phylogenetically analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 5162 (0.013%) ID\u2010NAT positives, window period (WP) and occult HBV infection (OBI) accounted for 3.4% (176) and 11.5% (594), respectively. No OBI\u2010related TT\u2010HBV occurred. Seven blood donations caused eight TT\u2010HBV cases, six of which were in the pre\u2010ID\u2010NAT WP, leaving one with an unresolved infection stage. Seven cases were caused by platelet concentrate (180\u2009mL plasma) and one case by fresh\u2010frozen plasma (200\u2009mL plasma), which contained estimated infectious doses varying between 2 and 2300 HBV virions. HBV subgenotypes in five cases were HBV\/A2. Complete genome sequences of the transmitting A2 strains were nearly identical (99.6%\u2013100%) and clustered in a group that included HBV\/HIV\u20101 coinfections and a higher proportion of donors in the acute infection phase (69%) than the other group of HBV\/A2 sequences (5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of observed TT\u2010HBV cases has significantly reduced to 0.19 per million in the ID\u2010NAT screening period. OBI\u2010related TT\u2010HBV was eliminated by anti\u2010HBc screening. Established TT\u2010HBV cases were caused by blood products with large plasma volumes containing extremely low HBV concentrations derived from blood donors at a very early infection stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T10:09:17Z","timestamp":1695895757000},"page":"2083-2097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Marked reduction in the incidence of transfusion\u2010transmitted hepatitis B virus infection after the introduction of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and individual donation nucleic acid amplification screening in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3338-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoji","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Miyakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Matsubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4660-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Satake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13819"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Guidelines for look\u2010back studies on blood products (in Japanese). Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/000833115.pdf. Accessed 30 Sep 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2005.00602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091942"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02149-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2957\/kanzo.55.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1992.tb02495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02081-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02156.x"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.17546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T15:22:59Z","timestamp":1704208979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.17546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.17546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.17546","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}