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A randomized trial is needed; recruitment may be challenging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized pilot trial with feasibility surveys. <jats:italic>Inclusion<\/jats:italic>: hemoglobin 65\u201379\u2009g\/L, \u22647\u2009days of birth, hemodynamically stable. <jats:italic>Exclusion<\/jats:italic>: ongoing heavy bleeding; already received, or contraindication to intravenous (IV)\u2010iron or red blood cell transfusion (RBC\u2010T). <jats:italic>Intervention\/control<\/jats:italic>: IV\u2010iron; RBC\u2010T; or IV\u2010iron and RBC\u2010T. Primary outcome: number of recruits; proportion of those approached; proportion considered potentially eligible. <jats:italic>Secondary outcomes<\/jats:italic>: fatigue, depression, baby\u2010feeding, and hemoglobin at 1, 6 and 12\u2009weeks; ferritin at 6 and 12\u2009weeks. Surveys explored attitudes to trial participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over 16\u2009weeks and three sites, 26\/34 (76%) women approached consented to trial participation, including eight (31%) M\u0101ori women. Of those potentially eligible, 26\/167 (15.6%) consented to participate. Key participation enablers were altruism and study relevance. For clinicians and stakeholders the availability of research assistance was the key barrier\/enabler. Between\u2010group rates of fatigue and depression were similar. Although underpowered to address secondary outcomes, IV\u2010iron and RBC\u2010T compared with RBC\u2010T were associated with higher hemoglobin concentrations at 6 (mean difference [MD] 11.7\u2009g\/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7\u201320.7) and 12 (MD 12.8\u2009g\/L, 95% CI 1.5\u201324.2) weeks, and higher ferritin concentrations at 6\u2009weeks (MD 136.8 mcg\/L, 95% CI 76.6\u2013196.9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Willingness to participate supports feasibility for a future trial assessing the effectiveness of IV\u2010iron and RBC\u2010T for postpartum anemia. Dedicated research assistance will be critical to the success of an appropriately powered trial including women\u2010centered outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T12:23:14Z","timestamp":1703679794000},"page":"301-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The fatigue after infusion or transfusion pilot trial and feasibility study: A three\u2010armed randomized pilot trial of intravenous iron and blood transfusion for the treatment of postpartum anemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Calj\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liggins Institute The University of Auckland  Auckland New 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