{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T11:52:08Z","timestamp":1773143528081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006329","name":"AABB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009741","name":"National Blood Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies preceding the COVID\u201019 pandemic found that slower time\u2010to\u2010return was associated with first\u2010time, deferred, and mobile drive blood donors. How donor return dynamics changed during the COVID\u201019 pandemic is not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed visits by whole blood donors from 2017 to 2022 in South Africa (SA) and the United States (US) stratified by mobile and fixed environment, first\u2010time and repeat donor status, and pre\u2010COVID19 (before March 2020) and intra\u2010COVID19. We used Kaplan\u2013Meier curves to characterize time\u2010to\u2010return, cumulative incidence functions to analyze switching between donation environments, and Cox proportional hazards models to analyze factors influencing time\u2010to\u2010return.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall time\u2010to\u2010return was shorter in SA. Pre\u2010COVID19, the proportion of donors returning within a year of becoming eligible was lower for deferred donors in both countries regardless of donation environment and deferral type. Intra\u2010COVID19, the gap between deferred and non\u2010deferred donors widened in the US but narrowed in SA, where efforts to schedule return visits from deferred donors were intensified, particularly for non\u2010hemoglobin\u2010related deferrals. Intra\u2010COVID19, the proportion of donors returning within a year in SA was higher for deferred first\u2010time donors (&gt;81%) than for successful first\u2010time donors (80% at fixed sites; 69% at mobile drives).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pandemic complicated efforts to recruit new donors and schedule returning visits after completed donations. Concerted efforts to improve time\u2010to\u2010return for deferred donors helped mitigate donation loss in SA during the public health emergency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T09:47:19Z","timestamp":1719568039000},"page":"1492-1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Blood donor return behavior in South Africa and the United States before and during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Huzbah","family":"Jagirdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nkasiobi H.","family":"Nwobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronel","family":"Swanevelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riana","family":"Cockeran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5898-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanna","family":"Kaidarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie D.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Medical Affairs  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Haematology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian S.","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Medical Affairs  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yichuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desautels Faculty of Management McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Panagiotoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1780-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Alton","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Information for Donors.SANBS \u2013 south African National Blood Service.2016.https:\/\/sanbs.org.za\/donors\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Association Bulletin #17\u201302: Updated Strategies to Limit or Prevent Iron Deficiency in Blood Donors.AABB \u2013 Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies.2017.https:\/\/www.aabb.org\/docs\/default-source\/default-document-library\/resources\/association-bulletins\/ab17-02.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12520"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38298193102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2005.00593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"CyrilR.President Cyril Ramaphosa: South Africa's response to Coronavirus COVID\u201019 pandemic|South African Government.https:\/\/www.gov.za\/news\/speeches\/president-cyril-ramaphosa-south-africas-response-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-04-apr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA)US Department of Health and Human service.COVID\u201019 Public Health Emergency.2023.https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/coronavirus\/covid-19-public-health-emergency\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14959"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Local reference ranges for full blood count and CD4 lymphocyte count testing","volume":"99","author":"Lawrie D","year":"2009","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"Education at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators","author":"Organization for Economic Co\u2010opearation and Development","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.1.3.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"Manual Procedure For Issuing Of Blood And Blood Products.South African National Blood Service. 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