{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:21:38Z","timestamp":1788844898364,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Granulocyte transfusions for patients with prolonged neutropenia and severe infections has been a controversial practice. Previous studies suggest a benefit of high\u2010dose granulocyte transfusions (\u22650.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/kg), although, until recently, the consistent production of high\u2010dose units has been challenging. Here, we present our experience and results utilizing high\u2010dose granulocyte transfusions at a large, tertiary academic medical center for the treatment of infections in adult, neutropenic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review (2018\u20132021) was conducted for all patients who received high\u2010dose granulocyte transfusions from donors stimulated with granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) and dexamethasone. Gathered parameters included patient demographics, clinical history, infection status, dose, clinical outcomes, pre\u2010 and post\u2010absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and transfusion times including time between granulocyte collection, administration, and posttransfusion ANC count. Gathered parameters were summarized using descriptive statistics, outcomes were assessed utilizing Kaplan\u2013Meier curves\/log\u2010rank\/regression testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Totally 28 adult, neutropenic patients refractory to antimicrobial agents and\/or G\u2010CSF received a total of 173 granulocyte concentrates. Median ANC increased from 0.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L pre\u2010transfusion to 1.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L posttransfusion. The mean granulocyte yield was 77.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> resulting in an average dose per kilogram of 0.90\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> granulocytes. Composite day 42 survival and microbial response was 42.9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912\/28) without significant adverse reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we demonstrate the successful and safe implementation of high\u2010dose granulocyte transfusions for neutropenic patients. Given the rapid and consistent production, distribution, and improved granulocyte quality, further investigations to determine the clinical efficacy of G\u2010CSF primed granulocyte transfusions is now possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T06:33:51Z","timestamp":1720161231000},"page":"1662-1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optimized high\u2010dose granulocyte transfusions for the treatment of infections in neutropenic patients: A single\u2010center retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6723-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannis","family":"Hadjiyannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Bubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell J.","family":"Triulzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Vitalant, Clinical Services, Northeast Division  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant, Clinical Services, Northeast Division  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Vitalant, Clinical Apheresis, Northeast Division  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8746-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alesia","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Vitalant, Clinical Services, Northeast Division  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Vitalant, Clinical Apheresis, Northeast Division  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 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