{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:10:37Z","timestamp":1790878237579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In December 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published a letter to clinical laboratory staff and healthcare providers detailing a risk of false Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) when using the Bio\u2010Rad Laboratories BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total &amp; RPR kit in people who had received COVID\u201019 vaccination; <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic> particle agglutination assays did not appear to be impacted by this issue. We evaluated reactivity rates of syphilis screening with negative confirmatory testing at our institution by year and seasonality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of routine syphilis testing of whole blood (WB) collections at an academic hospital\u2010based donor center in the eastern United States. All WB donations from 2011 to 2023 which demonstrated reactive syphilis screening (Beckman Coulter PK TP Microhemagglutination) with negative confirmatory testing (CAPTIA Syphilis (<jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>)\u2010G) were evaluated. Reactivity rates by year and season of donation were compared using unpaired t\u2010tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 109 WB donations from 86 unique donors who donated from 2011 to 2023 screened reactive for syphilis with negative confirmatory testing. The unconfirmed syphilis reactivity rate increased from 2018 to 2023 (mean: 0.360%) compared to 2011\u20132017 (mean: 0.071%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). An autumnal peak in unconfirmed reactives was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unconfirmed syphilis reactivity rate among WB donors at our institution increased markedly since 2017 compared to the 7\u2009years prior and doubled from 2020 to 2021. No testing assay changes explain these results. The autumnal peak in unconfirmed reactives suggests a possible environmental trigger such as viral infection or vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T08:18:34Z","timestamp":1720167514000},"page":"1623-1627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Seasonal increase in syphilis screening reactivity rates in whole blood donors, United States, 2011\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Maureen J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine NIH Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine NIH Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda  Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Conry\u2010Cantilena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine NIH Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard N.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine NIH Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamille A.","family":"West\u2010Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine NIH Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"De Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine NIH Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"FDA.Recommendations for screening testing and management of blood donors and blood and blood components based on screening tests for syphilis: Guidance for industry. FDA.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PappJR ParkIU FakileY PereiraL PillayA BolanGA.CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing United States 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep2024;73(No. RR\u20101):1\u201332. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7301a1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7301a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"FDA.Possible False RPR Reactivity with BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR Test Kit Following a COVID\u201019 Vaccine \u2010 Letter to Clinical Laboratory Staff and Health Care Providers.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Beckman Coulter.Beckman Coulter PK TP System (package insert).2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Trinity Biotech.CAPTIA TM syphilis (T. Pallidum)\u2010G (package insert).2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/lmad078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"973","article-title":"False\u2010positive serologic tests for human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus type 1 among blood donors following influenza vaccination, 1992","volume":"42","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.17951","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T13:49:42Z","timestamp":1729691382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.17951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.17951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.17951","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}