{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:25:06Z","timestamp":1790364306160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 convalescent plasma (CCP) remains a treatment option for immunocompromised patients; however, the current FDA qualification threshold of \u2265200 BAU\/mL of spike antibody appears to be relatively low. We evaluated the levels of binding (bAb) and neutralizing antibodies (nAb) on serial samples from repeat blood donors who were vaccinated and\/or infected to inform criteria for qualifying CCP from routinely collected plasma components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Donors were categorized into four groups: (1) infected, then vaccinated, (2) vaccinated then infected during the delta, or (3) omicron waves, (4) vaccinated without infection. IgG Spike and total Nuclecapsid bAb were measured, along with S variants and nAb titers using reporter viral particle neutralization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean S IgG bAb peaks after infection alone were lower than after primary and booster vaccinations, and higher after delta and omicron infection in previously vaccinated donors. Half\u2010lives for S IgG ranged from 34 to 66\u2009days after first infection\/vaccination events and up to 108\u2009days after second events. The levels of S IgG bAb and nAb were similar across different variants, except for omicron, which were lower. Better correlations of nAb with bAb were observed at higher levels (hybrid immunity) than at the current FDA CCP qualifying threshold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Routine plasma donations from donors with hybrid immunity had high S bAb and potent neutralizing activity for 3\u20136\u2009months after infection. In donations with high (&gt;4000 BAU\/mL) S IgG, &gt;95% had high nAb titers (&gt;500) against ancestral and variant S, regardless of COVID\u201019 symptoms. These findings provide the basis for test\u2010based criteria for qualifying CCP from routine blood donations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T09:53:32Z","timestamp":1728294812000},"page":"2063-2074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Spike and nucleocapsid antibody dynamics following <scp>SARS<\/scp>\u2010<scp>CoV<\/scp>\u20102 infection and vaccination: Implications for sourcing <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 convalescent plasma from routinely collected blood donations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Di Germanio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xutao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan G.","family":"Balasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California 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