{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:29:59Z","timestamp":1790015399909,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis B core antibody (anti\u2010HBc) screening has been implemented in many blood establishments to help prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), including from donors with occult HBV infection (OBI). We review HBV screening algorithms across blood establishments globally and their potential effectiveness in reducing transmission risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire on HBV screening and follow\u2010up strategies was distributed to members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion working party on transfusion\u2010transmitted infectious diseases. Screening data from 2022 were assimilated and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 30 unique responses were received from 25 countries. Sixteen respondents screened all donations for anti\u2010HBc, with 14 also screening all donations for HBV DNA. Anti\u2010HBc prevalence was 0.42% in all blood donors and 1.19% in new donors in low\u2010endemic countries; however, only 44% of respondents performed additional anti\u2010HBc testing to exclude false reactivity. 0.68% of anti\u2010HBc positive, HBsAg\u2010negative donors had detectable HBV DNA. Ten respondents did universal HBV DNA screening without anti\u2010HBc, whereas four respondents did not screen for either. Deferral strategies for anti\u2010HBc positive donors were highly variable. One transfusion\u2010transmission from an anti\u2010HBc negative donor was reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010HBc screening identifies donors with OBI but also results in the unnecessary deferral of a significant number of donors with resolved HBV infection and donors with false\u2010reactive anti\u2010HBc results. Whilst confirmation of anti\u2010HBc results could be improved to reduce donor deferral, transmission risks associated with anti\u2010HBc negative OBI donors must be considered. In high\u2010endemic areas, highly sensitive HBV DNA testing is required to identify infectious donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T06:44:41Z","timestamp":1727937881000},"page":"2144-2156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["International review of blood donation screening for anti\u2010HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael X.","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen M.","family":"Faddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health University of the Sunshine Coast  Petrie Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Candotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, INSERM U955, Team Virus\u2010Hepatology\u2010Cancer, Henri Mondor Hospital University Paris\u2010Est  Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9334-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamel","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-4532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Saa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3840-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Styles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Red Cross Lifeblood  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Opeyemi","family":"Adesina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Babcock University Teaching Hospital  Ilishan\u2010Remo Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0636-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Perez","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Sangre Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico Cl\u00ednica Colsanitas. 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