{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:04:09Z","timestamp":1784761449561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006438","name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000038","name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusion\u2010transmissible infection (TTI) prevalence among US blood donors has been widely documented. Here we estimate the prevalence of donors presenting with \u22652 TTIs (multiple infections past or present referred to as coinfections) and describe their demographics and associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Transfusion\u2010Transmissible Infections Monitoring System were compiled for October 2020\u2013September 2023 (3\u2009years). Prevalence per million donations (pmd) was calculated for each TTI coinfection combination with demographic characteristics summarized. The odds of each TTI coinfection combination were estimated using logistic regression. Reactivity by NAT and\/or serology (HIV, HBV, and HCV) defined donors as consensus positive (CP) for each infection while serology\u2010based algorithms defined syphilis CP and the subset with active syphilis infections (ASIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>About 22 million donations were included, with 212 coinfections (9.7 pmd). Around 2% of donations positive for any TTI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910,516) were coinfections. Coinfection prevalence per TTI combination ranged from 0.3 pmd for HIV CP and HCV CP, to 4.3 pmd for HIV CP and syphilis CP. There were high proportions of coinfections from donors who were male, aged 25\u201354\u2009years, white or black, first time, and residing in the southern US Census Region. The odds of a second TTI occurring in an individual donor with a TTI ranged from 23 (95% CI: 13, 41) times more likely for HBV CP and ASI to 395 (95% CI: 298, 524) times more likely for HIV CP and ASI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coinfections are relatively uncommon among blood donors in the United States; however, associations exist among HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T05:44:30Z","timestamp":1729575870000},"page":"2241-2246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transfusion\u2010transmissible coinfections among <scp>US<\/scp> blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galen","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"Edward P.","family":"Notari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger Y.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jed","family":"Gorlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Blood Center Enterprises  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Reik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OneBlood  St. Petersburg Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benyam","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbee I.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5865-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Consultant  North Potomac Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the U.S. Transfusion\u2010Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17851"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance.US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2022https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2022\/figures.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.2706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818000766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu052.1134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"382","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection co\u2010testing in a large urban emergency department","volume":"25","author":"Ford JS","year":"2024","journal-title":"West J Emerg 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