{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:02:38Z","timestamp":1791223358540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UG3HL151599\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UG3HL151599\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA), an adequate supply of safe blood for transfusion is a major developmental challenge. In Ghana, deferral from blood donation for anemia accounts for nearly half of the ineligible blood donors. We conducted a longitudinal two\u2010arm parallel\u2010group non\u2010inferiority trial to test if iron supplementation among blood donors with iron deficiency (ID) or anemia could increase their hemoglobin levels to near those without ID or anemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants' sociodemographic and medical information after written informed consent was obtained. Blood samples were analyzed for full blood count (FBC), serum ferritin, malaria rapid test, and a peripheral blood smear. The primary outcome was hemoglobin level after 4\u2009months comparing anemic donors who received iron supplementation to the standard of care participants, nonanemic donors who did not receive iron supplementation. All donors received nutritional counseling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adherence to low\u2010dose iron supplementation three times a week was poor. Hemoglobin levels in the iron supplementation arm were not close enough to those in the control group after 4\u2009months of iron supplementation to declare non\u2010inferiority. However, non\u2010inferiority was met when the 4\u2009month hemoglobin comparison was restricted to female donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 4\u2009months of iron supplementation, hemoglobin levels in the iron supplementation group did not sufficiently match those in the control group to declare non\u2010inferiority. Data from this pilot trial informed and shaped the design of a larger randomized control type 1 pragmatic effectiveness implementation hybrid trial which is currently ongoing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T12:24:53Z","timestamp":1732969493000},"page":"131-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of iron supplementation among anemic voluntary first\u2010time blood donors: Results from the <scp>BLOODSAFE<\/scp> pilot trial in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Dei\u2010Adomakoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edeghonghon","family":"Olayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Telke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinating Centers for Biometric Research, Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Research  City\u2010Twin cities, minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Asamoah\u2010Akuoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planning Monitoring &amp; Evaluation Department National Blood Service  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Syracuse University  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Segbefia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinating Centers for Biometric Research, Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Research  City\u2010Twin cities, minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Tancred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Public Health Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred Edwin","family":"Yawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Adu\u2010Afarwuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amma Benneh","family":"Akwasi\u2010Kuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon Fiifi","family":"Ofori\u2010Acquah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical &amp; Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip Baba","family":"Adongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social &amp; Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health University of Ghana  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Ebo","family":"Acquah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reena","family":"Ametorwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University of Ghana Medical School  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0862-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imelda","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre for Capacity Research, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences  Hohoe Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine Children's National Hospital  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cavan","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinating Centers for Biometric Research, Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Research  City\u2010Twin cities, minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the BLOODSAFE investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2450\/2014.0101-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6750a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_119_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_112_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011866"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"730","article-title":"Blood donation and anemia","volume":"62","author":"Armstrong KL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S375945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Ghana: Landscape Analysis of Anemia and Anemia Programming. Arlington.VA: Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) project [Internet].2016[cited 19 April 2021]. Available from:https:\/\/www.spring\u2010nutrition.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/reports\/ghana_anemia_landscape_analysis_final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/MNM\/11.1) [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Serum ferritin concentrations for the assessment of iron status in individuals and populations: technical brief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"CD009532","article-title":"Oral or parenteral iron supplementation to reduce deferral, iron deficiency and\/or anaemia in blood donors","volume":"7","author":"Smith GA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Anaemia and iron status among blood donors in a blood transfusion unit in Malaysia","volume":"24","author":"Nadarajan VS","year":"2002","journal-title":"Malays J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009747.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.07.012"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.18082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T04:13:36Z","timestamp":1739333616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.18082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.18082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.18082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}