{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:07:06Z","timestamp":1789657626267,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Post\u2010transfusion encephalopathy is a rare complication of red blood cell transfusions. Diagnostic entities include reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), which can be difficult to distinguish. These have primarily been reported in adults with severe chronic anemia. There are limited reports of these entities occurring in children after transfusions; most reported cases have clear pre\u2010existing risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Here we describe a 4\u2010year\u2010old male who presented with altered mental status 5\u2009days after being treated for severe iron\u2010deficiency anemia with large volume packed red blood transfusions, where his hemoglobin was increased from 1.4 to 11.4\u2009g\/dL over 70\u2009h. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was concerning for RCVS\/PRES. He made a complete neurologic recovery after 8\u2009days with aggressive blood pressure control with calcium channel blockers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Though this case had features of both RCVS and PRES, his hypertension and encephalopathy were in retrospect most consistent with PRES. This case highlights both the diagnostic challenges related to and important features of transfusion\u2010related cerebral pathology, including large volume red blood cell transfusion for severe chronic anemia, even when administered over multiple days. Prompt recognition of transfusion\u2010related neurologic disease is critical for appropriate management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T10:03:49Z","timestamp":1745661829000},"page":"1196-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hypertension and encephalopathy in a pediatric patient following red blood cell transfusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4900-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saarah","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York Queens New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Press","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arastoo","family":"Vossough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Samelson\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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