{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T18:52:39Z","timestamp":1758048759233,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>During pregnancy, exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens can trigger alloimmunization. To enable safe transfusion of compatible blood for pregnant individuals where urgent surgery might be necessary, blood bank standards mandate a valid blood type and antibody screening every 72\u2009h (\u201c3\u2010day rule\u201d). This practice requires frequent blood drawings contributing to patient discomfort and costs. To investigate if this practice is required, we evaluated the proportion of pregnant individuals who develop clinically significant alloantibodies within 72\u2009h of a previous negative antibody screen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort of RhD\u2010positive pregnant individuals with initial negative antibody screens, undergoing repeated screens at variable intervals. Seroconversion rates were compared with healthy male blood donors. Characteristics of pregnant individuals with and without seroconversion were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 8659 RhD\u2010positive pregnant individuals with initial negative antibody screens, 56 (0.6%) converted to a positive antibody screen, while only 15 (0.2%) developed clinically significant alloantibodies. Of these 15, only one converted within 3\u2009days of testing, while others converted within 5\u201395\u2009days. Two of the 15 women received a blood transfusion, 8\u201397\u2009days before seroconversion. No male donors seroconverted during 9\u2009months of follow up. Pregnant individuals with seroconversion were more likely to have systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only one pregnant individual developed clinically significant alloantibodies within 72\u2009h of a negative screening, compared to none of the control group. For pregnant individuals without recent transfusion, extending antibody screening intervals to 1\u2009week appears safe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T07:25:08Z","timestamp":1753428308000},"page":"1707-1715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The prevalence and timing of seroconversion during pregnancy\u2014A retrospective study to enable safe transfusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3332-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Dreyfuss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-8690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Yahalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Blood Services &amp; Apheresis Institute Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Barer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ambar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shmueli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3393-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Houri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Barbash\u2010Hazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Schneider Hospital for Women Rabin Medical Center  Petach Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1962.tb03244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000154811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-08-833962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"health mo.ABO Rh in Pregnant Women in the Community\u2014Procedure of the Department of Laboratories No. 5\/2014. 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