{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:18:40Z","timestamp":1793146720056,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The American Society of Hematology (ASH) recommends prophylactic limited red blood cell (RBC) antigen matching for C, E, and K for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). At our institution, reflexive extended antigen matching is employed: no antigen matching is undertaken initially; in the event of RBC alloimmunization, extended antigen matching (C\/c, E\/e, K, Fy\n                      <jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/Fy\n                      <jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Jk\n                      <jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/Jk\n                      <jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\n                      , S\/s) is performed prospectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared alloimmunization rates and costs of reflexive extended antigen matching with other RBC antigen\u2010matching strategies. A 5\u2010year retrospective review was conducted of all patients with SCD, who were transfused during the study period and lacked prior immunization. Age, sex, ABO\/Rh type, number of transfused units of RBCs, antibody history, and transfusion reactions were assessed. The alloimmunization rate was defined as the number of new alloantibodies per 100\u2009units of transfused RBCs. Costs were estimated for reflexive extended antigen matching, limited antigen matching, and extended antigen matching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 805 patients, 325 (40.4%) met inclusion criteria. Fifty (50\/325, 15.4%) patients developed a positive antibody\u2010detection test after transfusing a median of 9 (interquartile range: 3\u201314) units (alloimmunization rate 0.29 per 100 RBCs); anti\u2010C, E, and K were leading alloantibodies. Seven (7\/50, 14.0%) responders developed additional antibodies. Two delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) were reported. Reflexive extended antigen\u2010matching cost $4,619,133 over the 5\u2010year period; projected costs of prophylactic limited and extended antigen matching were $9,578,253 (+107%) and $14,537,373 (+215%), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acknowledging the limitation of excluding some responders, the rates of alloimmunization and DHTRs, and comparatively low costs suggest that reflexive extended antigen matching is viable for selected settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1760018434000},"page":"2045-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Strategies to mitigate transfusion\u2010associated red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease: A retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth P.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinelo P.","family":"Onyenekwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Smetana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchika","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Vitalant Corporate Medical Affairs  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy W.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology &amp; Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9670-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herleen","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0517-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron A. R.","family":"Tobian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Haddaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan M.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"NHLBI.Evidence\u2010Based Management of Sickle Cell Disease Expert Panel Report 2014: Guide to Recommendations [monograph on the internet].2014. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute; 2014. 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