{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:14:19Z","timestamp":1789038859960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood donors represent a unique population. Pre\u2010donation screening questions, donor self\u2010deferral, and temporary deferral and re\u2010testing of repeat reactive donors result in lower prevalence of infectious disease compared to the general population. Prevalence directly affects the clinical performance of assay systems apart from the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is important that blood operators understand what situations frequently elicit false reactive and false nonreactive cases, and how to mitigate the effect of these.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>False reactive transmissible disease assays are seen more frequently in low\u2010prevalence populations due to a reduced positive predictive value, whereas false nonreactives may be derived from failures in quality control (control failures, temperature and humidity deviations), pathophysiology in the donor, or how specimens are processed and tested (e.g., pooling). Reactive screening results require confirmation testing to differentiate between true infection and false reactive interpretation, and result in either temporary or permanent donor deferral (for false reactive or confirmed screens respectively). Complete validation or verification of laboratory assays can mitigate these donor impacts and help laboratorians understand how assays function in their local environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we describe how blood donor screening assays are characterized prior to use, explore possible contributors to false reactive and nonreactive results, and the importance of tracking and monitoring infectious disease positivity rates. Two case examples: one for serology and one for molecular testing demonstrate how common errors in laboratory testing can be mitigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T06:49:42Z","timestamp":1760078982000},"page":"2236-2249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["How do I interpret transfusion transmissible infectious disease testing in a low\u2010risk donor population?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9129-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen L.","family":"Charlton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Donation Policy &amp; Studies, Canadian Blood Services  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI) University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Surveillance and Discovery Laboratory Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bigham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila F.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Surveillance, Donation Policy &amp; Studies Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-1109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Drews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Donation Policy &amp; Studies, Canadian Blood Services  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI) University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Surveillance and Discovery Laboratory Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Canadian Blood Services Surveillance Report2023https:\/\/professionaleducation.blood.ca\/en\/transfusion\/publications\/surveillance\u2010report."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Canada's Source for Hepatitis C and HIV Information (CATIE).The epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Canada.2023https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/the\u2010epidemiology\u2010of\u2010hepatitis\u2010c\u2010in\u2010canada\u20100#:~:text=According%20to%20national%20hepatitis%20C%20estimates%2C%20there%20were 100%20Canadians%2C%201.0%20had%20ever%20had%20hepatitis%20C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v48i1112a07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Canadian Blood Services.Surveillance Report 2019.2020https:\/\/professionaleducation.blood.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/surveillance_report_2019_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-024-00886-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada.Customize your own chart: Notifiable diseases on\u2010line.2024https:\/\/diseases.canada.ca\/notifiable\/charts?c=cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Government of Canada.Blood Regulations SOR\/2013\u2013178.2024https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/sor-2013-178\/page-1.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Canadian Standards Association (CSA).CAN\/CSA\u2010Z902:20 Blood and blood components 2020. 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