{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:13:24Z","timestamp":1774278804939,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN 03232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN 03232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune factors underlie approximately 20% of patients exhibiting platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). PTR can be mitigated by supplying HLA\u2010A and B compatible platelets to these patients. Since 2019, Canadian Blood Services has managed a program to provide compatible platelets to alloimmunized patients. This study evaluates donor pool size and ethnic diversity options to serve Canada's population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We adapted simulation\u2010based stem cell matching methods by generating simulated patients and matching them to existing and simulated donors using a Python algorithm. Recruitment scenarios included census\u2010aligned, single\u2010group, and meta\u2010heuristic\u2013optimized distributions to enhance match rates and equity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More typed donors increase match rates, but rates vary significantly by ethnicity. Non\u2010Black patients achieved 95% coverage with 13,000\u201318,000 new donors, whereas Black patients required ~55,000 new donors. Single\u2010ethnicity recruitment improved the targeted group's rate but reduced overall match rates and disadvantaged other populations. A Pareto\u2010optimal donor mix\u2014augmenting Black, Hispanic, Asian Pacific Islander, and Native American\/First Nations donors while modestly reducing White typing\u2014preserved or improved rates but yielded only modest gains for Black patients. A balanced strategy further prioritizing Black and Hispanic donors with slight reductions in White, Asian, and Native American\/First Nations typing achieved improvements for the Black population with minimal losses for others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While Pareto\u2010optimal allocation enhances overall efficiency, targeted trade\u2010offs, focusing on underrepresented groups, are essential to correct persistent disparities and achieve equitable HLA\u2010matched platelet availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:37:02Z","timestamp":1759919822000},"page":"2398-2405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetics by genetic algorithm: Defining an ideal platelet donor population to support patients with\n                    <scp>HLA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010mediated alloimmune refractoriness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"J. T.","family":"Blake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University  Halifax Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rickards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine McGill University  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Seftel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2012.01852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020000137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1989.29489242795.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of an unrelated donor pool size for human leukocyte antigen\u2010matched platelets in Brazil","volume":"38","author":"Bub C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Hematol Hemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17945\/kjbt.2021.32.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198804000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199510270-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Assessment of optimal size and composition of the U.S. National Registry of hematopoietic stem cell donors","volume":"78","author":"Kollman C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.Special Interest Profile 2021 Census of Population. 20 March 2024. [cited 2025 Jul 30]. Available from:https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census\u2010recensement\/2021\/dp\u2010pd\/sip\/index.cfm?Lang=E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10139-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"2171","article-title":"DEAP: evolutionary algorithms made easy","volume":"13","author":"Fortin F","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.18446","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.18446","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.18446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:27:58Z","timestamp":1774276078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.18446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.18446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.18446","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}