{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:01:08Z","timestamp":1780081268304,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030123","name":"American Red Cross","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n Red blood cells (\n RBCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and platelets are evaluated for in vivo quality using recovery and survival measurements in healthy volunteers. Radiolabeling is the standard method for tracking blood cells post\u2010transfusion. The supply of chromium\u201051 (\n \n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr)\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices (\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) has been challenging, and in 2024, the only remaining supplier ceased production. Now, only research\u2010grade\n \n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n is available, requiring risk control measures. Simultaneously, the Pyrophosphate (\n PYP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) kits used to condition\n RBCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n for technetium\u201099m (\n \n 99<\/jats:sup>\n mTc)\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n labeling are also no longer available. This report summarizes validations performed leading to reinfusions of blood cells labeled with a new kit for\n \n 99<\/jats:sup>\n mTc RBC\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n labeling and research\u2010grade\n \n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Three validations were conducted to confirm: (1) labeling efficiency of an alternative kit for\n 99<\/jats:sup>\n mTc labeling RBCs, (2) safety and labeling efficiency using research\u2010grade\n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr, and (3) the ability of the Pyrosate\u00ae\u2010Rapid Endotoxin Detection (PRED) kit to detect pyrogens in research\u2010grade material and in end\u2010products for in vivo use.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Labeling efficiency of RBCs with\n 99<\/jats:sup>\n mTc using the Ultratag\u2122 RBC kit was >98% and demonstrated consistency in labeling across different sample preparation conditions. Filtration of the radioisotope stock and endotoxin testing of the infusate served as effective risk mitigation steps, supporting safe use of research\u2010grade\n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr, with labeling efficiency >98%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n We validated the use of research\u2010grade\n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr, an updated kit for\n 99<\/jats:sup>\n mTc labeling, and endotoxin testing for in vivo reinfusion of research\u2010grade\n 51<\/jats:sup>\n Cr labeled blood cells, and have infused >30 research participants with these changes under US FDA\u2013approved protocols.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:51:31Z","timestamp":1761807091000},"page":"2267-2271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of research\u2010grade radioisotopes for in\u2010human recovery and survival studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bethany L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wellington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cleeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexus","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Zittermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0462-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohreh Tatari","family":"Calderone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.01017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1984.24284173339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2003.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2023.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Endotoxin testing in blood","volume":"231","author":"Sturk A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83487-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Interference with the LAL test and how to address it","author":"Dawson M","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.18468","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.18468","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.18468","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:27:55Z","timestamp":1774276075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.18468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.18468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.18468","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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