{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:16:35Z","timestamp":1793394995749,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the increase of West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in Europe, blood banks perform WNV Nucleic Acid Test testing to ensure transfusion safety during the WNV transmission season. Usutu virus (USUV), an arbovirus related to WNV, has relevant molecular and serological cross\u2010reactivity with WNV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 2024 WNV season in Europe, 15,957 blood donations from the Balearic Islands Blood Bank and 79,400 from the Catalonia Blood Bank were tested for WNV using the Cobas WNV real\u2010time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, USA) and the Procleix WNV\/Procleix ArboPlex transcription\u2010mediated assays (Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc., USA), respectively. Serological tests for flavivirus, PCR using USUV\u2010 and WNV\u2010specific primers, sequencing of viral RNA, and neutralization tests (NT) were performed to confirm positive results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified three donors with USUV infection. In July, the first donor was detected in Majorca (Balearic Islands), whose infection was confirmed by NT. In September, two donors with USUV Africa 3 lineage were identified by RT\u2010PCR and sequencing in Catalonia. There were three USUV\u2010positive cases in 95,357 donations (1 in 31,786; 95% CI: 1 in 10,877 to 1 in 154,083) during the 2024 WNV season in Spain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report three cases of autochthonous USUV infection in blood donors from the Balearic Islands and Catalonia, two of which were infected by the USUV Africa 3 lineage. Health authorities should be aware that positive WNV screening may be due to USUV, an emerging zoonotic virus that can be underreported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:04:38Z","timestamp":1762283078000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Blood donor West Nile virus screening identifies three autochthonous Usutu virus infections in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9631-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Jimenez\u2010Marco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears  Palma de Mallorca Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica de Les Illes Balears (GISPIB) Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Illes Balears (IdISBa)  Palma de Mallorca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Safety Laboratory Banc de Sang i Teixits, Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Medicina Transfusional Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3978-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Capllonch\u2010Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears  Palma de Mallorca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Safety Laboratory Banc de Sang i Teixits, Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Medicina Transfusional Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2580-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Linnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc.  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Livezey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc.  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-8260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Busquets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Animal Health, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Bellaterra Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Unitat mixta d'investigaci\u00f3 IRTA\u2010UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB)  Bellaterra Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Serolog\u00eda y Arbovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, ISCIII  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Serolog\u00eda y Arbovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, ISCIII  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4553-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayte","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Olmeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigaci\u00f3n en Serolog\u00eda y Arbovirus Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, ISCIII  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Bautista\u2010Gili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears  Palma de Mallorca Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica de Les Illes Balears (GISPIB) Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Illes Balears (IdISBa)  Palma de Mallorca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Ruiz\u2010Nabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears  Palma de Mallorca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Prohens\u2010Batle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears  Palma de Mallorca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica de Les Illes Balears (GISPIB) Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Illes Balears (IdISBa)  Palma de Mallorca Spain"},{"name":"Servei d'Epidemiologia. 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