{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:07:19Z","timestamp":1787818039031,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serological ABO typing in transfusion medicine and organ transplantation, can face limitations in cases involving large volume transfusions, transplants, weak subgroups, or hematological malignancies.\n                      <jats:italic>ABO<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotyping can help resolve ABO type, and there is a need for a fast, reliable, and cost\u2010effective testing approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigate a commercially available medium\u2010throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)\n                      <jats:italic>ABO<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotyping assay and evaluated routine samples from a tertiary academic transplant laboratory, samples previously\n                      <jats:italic>ABO<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotyped in the immunohematology and genomics reference laboratory, and samples showing discordant\/mixed field reactivity in the hospital blood bank. Results were compared with serologic typing and Sanger sequencing, or next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) for some.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For routine transplant samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200989), the qPCR assay demonstrated 100% concordance with serologic phenotypes and Sanger sequencing with one no\u2010call result. For complex reference laboratory samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932), 91% concordance with serologic phenotype and 72% concordance with predicted phenotype and genotype by Sanger sequencing was achieved. qPCR identified variants encoding: A\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , A\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , A\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and cisAB. In blood bank problem samples (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929), 79% were resolved by qPCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The qPCR assay's rapid turnaround time and automated interpretation make it particularly suitable for inclusion in the investigation and resolution of ABO serological typing problems. Its capabilities also align well with recent UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing) guidance for deceased kidney donor ABO typing resolution and can potentially improve patient safety in transplantation settings, and aid in the evaluation of typing discrepancies in transfusion medicine practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:14:23Z","timestamp":1763468063000},"page":"197-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Feasibility and utility of a rapid\n                    <i>ABO<\/i>\n                    genotyping platform in transplantation and transfusion medicine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin B. L.","family":"Halls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen H.","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Smeland\u2010Wagman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Aguad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0243-266X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunitha","family":"Vege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Blood Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7597-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie M.","family":"Westhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Blood Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)40170-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345229a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"International Society of Blood Transfusion.Red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology [Internet].https:\/\/www.isbtweb.org\/working-parties\/red-cell-immunogenetics-and-blood-group-terminology\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"OPTN.Guidance for addressing blood type determination [Internet].2025.https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/professionals\/by-topic\/guidance\/guidance-for-addressing-blood-type-determination\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.5.1852.1852"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"ABO chimerism determined by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction analysis after ABO\u2010incompatible haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Liu F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(18)30053-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2687-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2022.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.2286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"OPTN.Guidance for addressing blood type determination \u2013 OPTN [Internet].https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/resources\/guidance\/guidance-for-addressing-blood-type-determination\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.11.3633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Pangolin: pangolin is a deep\u2010learning method for predicting splice site strengths [Internet]","author":"Zeng T"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"SpliceAI: A deep learning\u2010based tool to identify splice variants [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD v2.1.1) [Internet]. 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