{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T15:06:19Z","timestamp":1779116779701,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD116950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD116950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD105880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD105880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL163043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL163043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) are essential and lifesaving for preterm infants who suffer from physiological and iatrogenic anemia. Phlebotomy\u2010induced anemia (PIA) in neonatal murine pups has been linked to hippocampal inflammation; however, the impact of repletion with packed RBCT has not been evaluated despite its known advantages in relieving anemia and restoring oxygen\u2010carrying capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C57BL\/6 pups underwent PIA, and FVB\u2010donor\u2010derived packed RBCs were administered retro\u2010orbitally on postnatal(P) day 11. On P12, whole\u2010brain protein lysate was analyzed for cytokines and chemokines using a Multiplex array. Endotoxin was measured using the LAL test. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to characterize microglia and recruited myeloid cells. The key inflammatory functional genes were measured by qRT\u2010PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly elevated in the anemic brains compared to na\u00efve controls and markedly higher in anemic\u2010transfused brains compared to transfused controls, resulting in anemia\u2010transfusion\u2010associated brain inflammation (ATBI). Anemic and anemic\u2010transfused mouse groups had increased BBB permeability, and brain tissue had elevated levels of endotoxin with a loss of ramified\u2010structured microglia. ATBI was associated with the recruitment of CD11b\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD45\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ly6C\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      monocytes in the brains of anemic\u2010transfused pups and showed a hyperinflammatory phenotype compared to tissue\u2010resident microglial cells (CD45\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD11b\n                      <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and revealed suppression of genes involved in myelination, neuronal cell proliferation, and developmental processes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report that PIA causes early brain inflammation and RBCT leads to the recruitment of circulating monocytes to the anemic brain, thus contributing to a chronic hyperinflammatory response with transcriptional changes in genes associated with brain function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T14:41:56Z","timestamp":1764772916000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Red blood cell transfusion exacerbates phlebotomy\u2010induced anemia\u2010associated neuroinflammation in murine neonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Juanitaa George","family":"Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Institute  Omaha Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balamurugan","family":"Ramatchandirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Amalie","family":"Balamurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suneetha","family":"Desiraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Subrramanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Peeples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Institute  Omaha Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1036-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohan","family":"Kumar Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal\u2010Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Child Health Research Institute  Omaha Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska 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