{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1779116800207,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201020\u2010PRMRP\u2010TTDA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201020\u2010PRMRP\u2010TTDA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low\u2010titer O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasingly used to improve trauma outcomes, but maintaining supplies remains challenging, particularly in austere environments. This study evaluated EnzAO1 (\n                      <jats:italic>Fp<\/jats:italic>\n                      GalNAcDeAc) and EnzAO2 (\n                      <jats:italic>Fp<\/jats:italic>\n                      GalNase) to generate enzyme\u2010converted O type whole blood (ECO\u2010WB) from A type swine whole blood (WB).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WB from 16 A type and 4 O type swine were collected in Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine\u20101 (CPDA\u20101). Type A WB was randomized to enzymatic conversion at either room temperature or 4\u00b0C. Each unit was divided into 45\u2009mL aliquots and treated with no enzyme or one of four enzyme concentrations (1.75\u201317.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Samples were analyzed at 15, 30, 60, and 120\u2009min. A\u2010antigen reduction was measured by flow cytometry. Blood counts, blood gases, rotational thromboelastometry, osmotic fragility, and free hemoglobin were used to assess blood post\u2010conversion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enzymatic treatment converted A type swine WB to ECO\u2010WB in a concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. At the highest enzyme concentration (17.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), A antigen expression was reduced to 0.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2% by 15\u2009min, comparable to the signal observed in type O controls (0.45%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45%). No significant differences in antigen conversion were observed between temperature conditions. ECO\u2010WB demonstrated stable hematologic profiles compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates enzymatic conversion of type A swine WB into ECO\u2010WB, reducing A antigen expression comparable to type O WB without compromising blood quality. The process is compatible with refrigerated and room temperature storage, supporting its application in diverse clinical and operational settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T11:47:12Z","timestamp":1766576832000},"page":"568-578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Generation of enzyme\u2010converted type O whole blood from type A whole blood: A translational study using swine whole blood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig D.","family":"Nowadly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio  Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Defense Austere Resuscitation Research Team Office of the Chief Scientist, 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio  Lackland Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0270-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian G.","family":"Casleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigations and Research Support (CIRS) Office of the Chief Scientist, 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio  Lackland Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel Y.","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigations and Research Support (CIRS) Office of the Chief Scientist, 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio  Lackland Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Investigations and Research Support (CIRS) Office of the Chief Scientist, 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio  Lackland Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3482-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Ediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio  Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Defense Austere Resuscitation Research Team Office of the Chief Scientist, 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio  Lackland Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haisle","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avivo Biomedical Inc.  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