{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:06:48Z","timestamp":1789657608607,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood administration sets are changed after a prescribed time interval with variations in guidelines. In Canada, sets are changed every 4\u2009h based on the theory of potential bacterial attachment. This study aimed to investigate whether bacteria adhere to the inner surfaces of blood administration sets during mimicked transfusions of red blood cell concentrates (RBCCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      was used to test bacterial adhesion on a Primary PLUM Y\u2010type Blood Set. Study phases (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20093): (i) RBCCs spiked with 10\u2009CFU\/mL and bacterial recovery after 4\u2009h; (ii) and (iii) RBCCs spiked with 1\u2009CFU\/mL and bacterial recovery after 2\u2009h (ii) and after 2\u2009h and 24\u2009h (iii); (iv) RBCCs inoculated with 0.1\u2009CFU\/mL and bacterial detection at 2\u201324\u2009h. Bacterial adhesion was verified with dislodging, cultures, and scanning electron microscopy after completion of mimicked RBCC transfusions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 10\u2009CFU\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      was recovered in one of three assays; however, at 1\u2009CFU\/mL, bacterial recovery after 2\u2009h was minimal (one of six assays), although proliferation at 24\u2009h was significant. With initial loads of 0.1\u2009CFU\/mL, bacteria were only detected at 8 and 24\u2009h, and in the filter, in one of five trials.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This pilot report provides evidence of bacterial growth in transfusion sets. Data obtained with\n                      <jats:italic>S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                      indicate that the use of blood administration sets could be extended from 4 to \u22656\u2009h after the infusion of the first RBCC with no impact on patient safety. These findings align with existing guidelines endorsing a longer interval between changes of blood product administration sets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:38:14Z","timestamp":1770802694000},"page":"689-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Building evidence for transfusion practice: A pilot study on bacterial adhesion and growth in red blood cell infusion sets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Zoya","family":"Versey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuntong","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina General Hospital Saskatchewan Health Authority  Regina Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Ledingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina General Hospital Saskatchewan Health Authority  Regina Saskatchewan Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Ramirez\u2010Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER).Fatalities reported to FDA following blood collection and transfusion. 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Canadian Blood Services.https:\/\/professionaleducation.blood.ca\/en\/transfusion\/clinical-guide\/blood-administration#1. Accessed 29 Jan 2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"New Zealand Blood Service.Blood administration sets and filters in guide to good transfusion practice transfusion medicine handbook.https:\/\/www.nzblood.co.nz\/healthcare\u2010professionals\/transfusion\u2010medicine\/transfusion\u2010medicine\u2010handbook\/3\u2010guide\u2010to\u2010good\u2010transfusion\u2010practice\/3\u201015\u2010blood\u2010administration\u2010sets\u2010and\u2010filters. Accessed 29 Jan 2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"HarrisAM AtterburyCJL ChaffeB ElliotC HawkinsT HennemSJ et al.Guideline on the administration of blood components. British Committee for Standards in Haematology.https:\/\/b-s-h.org.uk\/media\/5152\/admin_blood_components-bcsh-05012010.pdf. 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