{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:06:57Z","timestamp":1779170817770,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryopreservation extends the shelf life of red blood cells (RBC) from weeks to years, offering major advantages for blood banking logistics, especially in remote environments. However, current glycerol\u2010based methods, though effective, are limited in scope due to complex post\u2010thaw washing and incompatibility with routine clinical workflows. This study evaluated plasma\u2010derived albumin as a potential alternative cryoprotective agent (CPA) for human RBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Donor\u2010derived RBC were suspended in 25% w\/v bovine serum albumin (BSA) prepared in various diluents and tested for biocompatibility and cryoprotective efficacy under rapid freezing (immersion in liquid nitrogen) and gradual freezing with storage at \u221280\u00b0C. Post\u2010thaw recovery was quantified by measuring hemolysis after resuscitation of frozen cells to 37\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Albumin\u2010based media were non\u2010toxic, maintaining &gt;99% RBC recovery prior to freezing. When rapidly frozen, albumin conferred strong cryoprotection (\u226595% recovery) in salt\u2010rich diluents such as SAG\u2010M, Hartmann's, and Alsever's solutions, exceeding that of glycerol\u2010based CPA (77\u2009\u00b1\u200925%). Albumin's cryopreservative efficacy was enhanced in ionic media of neutral pH but was absent entirely under gradual freezing (&lt;20% recovery).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cryoprotective effect of albumin appears dependent on rapid cooling and ionic co\u2010solutes, suggesting a mechanism rooted in colloid\u2013ion interactions rather than direct inhibition of ice formation. The dependence on freeze rate and ionic environment suggests that multiple solution properties contribute to its efficacy. While further work is required to clarify underlying mechanisms, albumin\u2010based methods may provide a basis for a simplified method of cryopreservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:29:57Z","timestamp":1774938597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum\u2010derived albumin as a cryoprotective agent for the long\u2010term storage of red blood cells: A preliminary examination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0185-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bailey\u2010Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health \u2013 Drake Circus University of Plymouth, School of Biomedical Sciences  Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine V.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Component Development and Research Laboratory Welsh Blood Service  Talbot Green, Pontyclun UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3857-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00eb E.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Component Development and Research Laboratory Welsh Blood Service  Talbot Green, Pontyclun UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4106-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Scorer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Plymouth  Plymouth UK"},{"name":"Centre of Defence Pathology Royal Centre for Defence Medicine  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn M. 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