{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:15:00Z","timestamp":1788506100308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human Cellular Therapy Laboratories (HCTL) use liquid nitrogen (LN2) tanks to preserve human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue\u2010based products (HCT\/Ps). Continuous monitoring and proactive maintenance of LN2 tanks are critical to ensuring product potency and safety. Contingency planning is necessary to protect irreplaceable HCT\/Ps should LN2 storage failure occur. Here we describe the management of 779 hematopoietic progenitor cell products (HPCs) and 7680 ampules from a failing tank in our HCTL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multidisciplinary working group, including HCTL technical staff, management, facilities, healthcare technology management (HTM), and leadership, was established to manage the at\u2010risk HPCs. The group evaluated local resources and engaged geographic partners to support emergency storage relocation. The goal was to maintain temperature integrity, ensure safe transfer, and sustain uninterrupted operations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a 72\u2010h period, 779 HPCs and 7680 ampules were relocated to on\u2010site and off\u2010site storage. Collaboration with a local partner provided LN2 dry shippers (DS), allowing transport of approximately 40 HPCs per trip to off\u2010site storage. The operation was completed without loss of product integrity, and clinical operations proceeded uninterrupted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequent inspection and continuous monitoring of tanks are crucial for early detection of potential failures. Rescuing HPCs from a failing tank is challenging and carries risks to product integrity and staff safety. Careful contingency planning, including access to backup storage, LN2 DSs, and trained personnel, is essential for mitigating catastrophic tank failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:08:36Z","timestamp":1788505716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How do I manage catastrophic failure of liquid nitrogen storage for human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue\u2010based products?"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6084-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmel","family":"Sergio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Blahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Schantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dearlyn","family":"Lojares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda","family":"Beckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenie","family":"Javier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karafa","family":"Badjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Oschner Health  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Godbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9164-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Z.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Human cells tissues and cellular and tissue\u2010based products. 21 CFR part 1271; 2016. Available from:https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-21\/chapter-I\/subchapter-L\/part-1271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2021.103298","article-title":"Effects of cell concentration, time of fresh storage, and cryopreservation on peripheral blood stem cells: PBSC fresh storage and cryopreservation","volume":"61","author":"Araujo AB","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240802666050","article-title":"Transportation of peripheral blood progenitor cell products: effects of time, temperature and cell concentration","volume":"11","author":"Jansen J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.592242","article-title":"Cryopreservation as a key element in the successful delivery of cell\u2010based therapies\u2014a review","volume":"7","author":"Meneghel J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830480206","article-title":"Filgrastim\u2010mobilized peripheral\u2010blood stem cells can be stored at 4 degrees and used in autografts to rescue high\u2010dose chemotherapy","volume":"48","author":"Ruiz\u2010Arguelles GJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20707","article-title":"Cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"82","author":"Berz D","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689721999617","article-title":"Cryopreservation: an overview of principles and cell\u2010specific considerations","volume":"30","author":"Whaley D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.47.2.347","article-title":"Kinetics of water loss from cells at subzero temperatures and the likelihood of intracellular freezing","volume":"47","author":"Mazur P","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"USDA.Liquid nitrogen safety; 2016. 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Volume 3: Cellular Therapy Apheresis","author":"Thompson TZS","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(96)02048-4","article-title":"Hepatitis B nucleotide sequence analysis: linking an outbreak of acute hepatitis B to contamination of a cryopreservation tank","volume":"60","author":"Hawkins AE","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91207-X","article-title":"Hepatitis\u2010b transmission from contaminated cryopreservation tank","volume":"346","author":"Tedder RS","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000326623","article-title":"Cryopreservation of human stem cells for clinical application: a review","volume":"38","author":"Hunt CJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"OSHA.Laboratory safety guidance; 2011. Available from:https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/OSHA3404laboratory\u2010safety\u2010guidance.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Standards for Cellular Therapy Services","author":"The Cellular Therapies Standards Committee","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Accreditation Manual","author":"Joint Accreditation Committee","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01597-5","article-title":"Cryostorage tank failures: temperature and volume loss over time after induced failure by removal of insulative vacuum","volume":"36","author":"Pomeroy KO","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2025.102008","article-title":"Very cold but still too warm; functional characterization of transient warming events in stem cell grafts","volume":"28","author":"McGregor C","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.70273","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.70273","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.70273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:08:38Z","timestamp":1788505718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.70273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.70273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.70273","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"trf.70273"}}