{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:17:11Z","timestamp":1783412231121,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding patterns in blood availability is key to identifying appropriate interventions to increase blood access, particularly interventions intended for use in blood deserts, defined as areas in which &gt;75% of blood needs are unmet. Blood availability patterns are particularly difficult to understand in the decentralized systems made up primarily of hospital\u2010based blood banks, which are common in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. In Liberia, &gt;95% of blood is collected at decentralized hospital\u2010based blood banks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A national cross\u2010sectional geospatial analysis of blood bank accessibility in Liberia estimated the population residing within the cumulative travel\u2010time thresholds of blood bank facilities and contextualized these findings using a static national estimate of blood supply. Geographic accessibility to blood banks was estimated in ArcGIS Pro 3.6 using a raster\u2010based travel\u2010time cost\u2010distance approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 0.22% of people in Liberia live within 30\u2009min of a blood bank; 0.87% live within 60\u2009min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liberia is a blood desert, and blood\u2010desert specific interventions (e.g., civilian walking blood banks), some of which may focus on hospital\u2010based blood banks, should be considered. Interventions to enhance blood collection at the centralized national level, such as Club 25, are likely also appropriate. This analytic method effectively identified patters in blood availability in the absence of a countrywide blood inventory system. However, factors such as available road and population data, and specific geographic features, could lead the method to over\u2010 or underestimate blood availability and should be taken into account when choosing this approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T07:50:15Z","timestamp":1783410615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying blood deserts in Liberia: A geospatial analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6926-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Jean","family":"Ridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Nursing  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1018-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Norrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Nursing  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5090-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linda S. Barnes Consulting  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0318-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UL\u2010PIRE Africa Center University of Liberia  Monrovia Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onyekachi","family":"Subah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Public Health West African Institute of Public Health  Abuja Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Guidelines on management of blood and blood components as essential medicines (WHO Technical Report Series No. 1004, Annex 3)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Blood Safety and Availability 2016","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30200-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-017-0091-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ah\/1373786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Action framework to advance universal access to safe, effective and quality\u2010assured blood products 2020\u20132023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30364-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00564-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"National Blood Safety Strategic Plan 2024\u20132028","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"National Blood Safety Policy 2024\u20132033","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09936-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"WorldPop University of Southampton; University of Louisville; Universit\u00e9 de Namur; Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) Columbia University.Global High Resolution Population Denominators Project (Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1134076).2018.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5258\/SOTON\/WP00675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.Humanitarian data exchange: Liberia administrative boundaries.2022.https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/cod-em-lbr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team.Liberia roads dataset. 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