{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:01:08Z","timestamp":1790848868596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the COVID\u201019 pandemic, convalescent plasma (CP) was investigated as a potential treatment. We assess the financial resources required to implement a COVID\u201019 CP (CCP) programme and provide recommendations on how best to prepare for collection and use of CP in future pandemics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We mapped pathways for collecting and manufacturing CCP using a UK blood establishment as a test case, and identified the resources required at each stage to provide high\u2010titre (HT) CCP units. A top\u2010down micro\u2010costing approach and an economic model were used to establish the cost per HT CCP unit. Data collection questionnaires were later prepared to acquire data from 21 countries across Europe, facilitate comparisons and estimate costs per HT CCP unit using a top\u2010down gross\u2010costing approach. Costs are reported in Euros adjusted for cost\u2010of\u2010living differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The key cost driver for England was the cost of CCP collection. Nine countries responded, four with existing infrastructure for apheresis plasma collection at the start of the pandemic and five without. Four countries provided sufficient data to estimate the cost per HT CCP unit, which varied between \u20ac198\u2013\u20ac265 for countries with pre\u2010existing apheresis plasma collection and \u20ac807\u2013\u20ac1749 for those without.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Countries had marked differences in the scale of CCP collection, and methods of selecting and measuring HT CCP, which contributed to the variation in expenditure observed. Costs were significantly lower in countries with existing infrastructure for apheresis plasma collection and where donors were tested for anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibody titre before attending plasma collection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:36:38Z","timestamp":1790847398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the financial resources required to establish convalescent plasma collection programmes across Europe in response to a pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4179-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics of Population Health (EPH) Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail A.","family":"Lamikanra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise J.","family":"Estcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Tiberghien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Etablissement Francais du Sang  La Plaine\u2010St Denis France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9 EFS, INSERM, UMR Right  Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.Data on 14\u2010day notification rate of new COVID\u201019 cases and deaths. 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