{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:43:56Z","timestamp":1792158236742,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a transfusion\u2010transmitted pathogen. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends blood donor screening only in endemic states, whereas the Military Health System performs universal\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening regardless of geographic location. However, the epidemiology of\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      positivity and clinical follow\u2010up among blood donors in non\u2010endemic regions remains poorly characterized.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective study evaluating\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening results from three military blood donation centers in non\u2010endemic states: Naval Base San Diego, Wright\u2010Patterson Air Force Base, and Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Lackland. All donations collected between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2025 underwent nucleic acid testing using the Procleix Babesia Assay. Positive donors underwent retrospective chart review to assess demographics, confirmatory testing, clinical follow\u2010up, and treatment outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 97,861 donations screened, eight donors tested positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (8.17 per 100,000 donations). San Diego demonstrated the highest positivity rate (11.53 per 100,000), followed by Wright\u2010Patterson (8.55 per 100,000) and San Antonio (5.82 per 100,000). Five donors were active\u2010duty military personnel with medical records available for review, and three underwent follow\u2010up clinical evaluation. Follow\u2010up approaches varied considerably and include empiric treatment without confirmatory testing, antibody testing, peripheral blood smear evaluation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. All clinically evaluated donors were asymptomatic, and there were no documented complications related to babesiosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      positivity among military blood donors in non\u2010endemic regions was rare. Variation in diagnostic evaluation and clinical management highlights the need for standardized follow\u2010up protocols for military donors with positive screening results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:07:43Z","timestamp":1784182063000},"page":"1916-1920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Confirmatory testing of military blood donors screening positive for\n                    <i>Babesia<\/i>\n                    infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Siri","family":"Doddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Services Blood Bank Center\u2010San Antonio, Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Lackland  Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Fort Sam Houston  Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usag057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030102"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.70338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.70338","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.70338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:44:37Z","timestamp":1792154677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.70338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.70338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.70338","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}