{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:09:38Z","timestamp":1788865778521,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood transfusion is essential for surgical, obstetric, oncologic, and trauma care, but availability may be limited in rural settings. We quantified O\u2010type red blood cell (RBC) availability, access times, and donor distribution across Oklahoma and surrounding areas in 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Esri ArcGIS Pro, we evaluated rural hospitals in Oklahoma and adjacent regions supplied by Our Blood Institute (OBI) in 2024. Hospitals were categorized by critical access designation and O\u2010type RBC inventory, distinguishing low\u2010stock from resuscitation ready facilities (\u22642 and \u22654 units, respectively). Primary outcomes were geographic variation in RBC inventories and drive times to the nearest hospital stocking \u22652 and \u22654 O\u2010type units. The secondary outcome was donor distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 106 rural OBI\u2010supplied hospitals, 16 (15.1%) stocked &lt;2 units O\u2010type RBCs, and 23% of rural critical access hospitals stocked &lt;4 units. Overall, 198,294 patients (2.9%) live &gt;30\u2009min from any hospital stocking O\u2010type RBCs, and 275,341 (4.0%) from one stocking \u22654 units. Of 245,068 donors, 40.87% were O+ and 8.59% were O\u2212, with clustering that left several low\u2010stock rural areas with limited donor pools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most rural OBI\u2010supplied hospitals maintained adequate O\u2010type RBC inventories, but a clinically significant minority stocked \u22642 units, insufficient for even a single hemorrhaging patient. Geographic variation in inventory and donor distribution means hemorrhage location remains a determinant of transfusion access. These findings support using local inventory and donor data to inform regional blood allocation, and identify translation of geospatial data into distribution and preparedness strategies as a priority for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:35:46Z","timestamp":1788863746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing blood resource allocation in Oklahoma: A geospatial analysis of available supply and potential networks of distribution"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3286-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Centers of America  West Warwick Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6726-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Furnary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8540-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kapral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Centers of America  West Warwick Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1330-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avery","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Trauma Surgery  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becky","family":"Heister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1525-0987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Centers of America  West Warwick Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Pippin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2779-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Linz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Our Blood Institute  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nakul","family":"Raykar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Trauma Surgery  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6602a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Nation's urban and rural populations shift following 2020 census [Internet]","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231160836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Donate at a blood center near you [Internet]","author":"Our Blood Institute","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Federal office of rural health policy [Internet]","author":"Health Resources and Services Administration","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.13131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Critical access hospitals [Internet]","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827a3639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.State operations manual. Appendix W \u2013 survey protocol regulations and interpretive guidelines for critical access hospitals (CAHs) and swing\u2010beds in CAHs.2020. Guidance for 42 CFR \u00a7485.618(c) \u201cBlood and Blood Products.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Data on urban and rural hospitals \u2013 saving rural hospitals [Internet]","author":"Center for Healthcare Quality and Payment Reform","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"BCA GOLD program [Internet]","author":"Blood Centers of America","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2011.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10775587251355671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2450\/BloodTransfus.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20529\/IJME.2017.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348211048831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Heroes in arms [Internet]","author":"BioBridge Global","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.07.041"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.70354","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/trf.70354","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/trf.70354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:35:49Z","timestamp":1788863749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/trf.70354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/trf.70354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.70354","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"trf.70354"}}