{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:39:33Z","timestamp":1792471173663,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral hepatitis remains a major public health challenge. We evaluated long\u2010term trends in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, incidence, and force of infection (FOI) among blood donors from five Brazilian blood centers and investigated associated demographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study program were analyzed. Prevalence was estimated among 2,062,816 first\u2010time donors for HBV (2008\u20132023) and 1,673,745 for HCV (2012\u20132023). Incidence was estimated among 1,346,256 repeat donors for HBV and 1,151,209 for HCV. Active HBV infection was defined by reactive HBsAg and anti\u2010HBc or reactive HBV nucleic acid testing (NAT), and active HCV infection by reactive NAT. Historical FOI was estimated using a Bayesian serocatalytic model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Active infection prevalence was 136.2 per 100,000 donors (95% CI, 131.2\u2013141.3) for HBV and 57.4 (95% CI, 53.8\u201361.1) for HCV. Incidence rates were 3.54 (95% CI, 3.01\u20134.11) and 3.99 (95% CI, 3.33\u20134.72) per 100,000 person\u2010years, respectively. Prevalence decreased annually by 7.6% for HBV and 11.0% for HCV. Higher prevalence and incidence were associated with male sex, older age, lower educational attainment, and Black or mixed\u2010race skin color. Regional differences persisted, and FOI declined markedly for both infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HBV and HCV prevalence, incidence, and FOI declined substantially among Brazilian blood donors, suggesting reduced transmission, although improved donor selection and screening may also have contributed. Persistent demographic and regional disparities support continued surveillance and targeted prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.70446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:09:46Z","timestamp":1792469386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010term temporal trends in hepatitis B and C among blood donors in Brazil: Prevalence, incidence, and demographic correlates from the\n                    <scp>REDS<\/scp>\n                    multicenter program"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Rolim","family":"Belis\u00e1rio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7806-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Jeng Chian","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP) and Instituto de Medicina Tropical Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Rocha","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa Cristina Abreu","family":"de Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maisa Aparecida","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas  Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7714-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hemorio, Hemocentro do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyla","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemope  Recife 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California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Buccheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1446-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3274-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Fortier","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester C.","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP) and Instituto de Medicina Tropical Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study\u2010IV\u2010Pediatric 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