{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:07:05Z","timestamp":1787699225112,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transpl Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T11:47:59Z","timestamp":1621424879000},"page":"1187-1197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Have we reached the limits in altruistic kidney donation?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Transplant Centre Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Little France Crescent Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrietta","family":"Consolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1714-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel C.","family":"Oniscu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Transplant Centre Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Little France Crescent Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"NHSBT data.www.nhsbt.nhs.uk.https:\/\/nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net\/umbraco\u2010assets\u2010corp\/19191\/section\u20105\u2010kidney\u2010activity.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"WHO data.http:\/\/www.transplant\u2010observatory.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199403270-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"British transplant society living donation guidelines.www.bts.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/FINAL_LDKT\u2010guidelines_June\u20102018.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200211270-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62484-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000318"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Living donor kidney transplantation 2020: a UK strategy.http:\/\/odt.nhs.uk\/pdf\/ldkt_2020_strategy.pdf(Accessed on 14.03.2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-017-9778-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182129236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/news\/newsroom\/factsheets\/Organ\u2010Donation\u2010and\u2010Transplantation\u2010Stats(Accessed on 15.03.2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Burnapp NHS Blood and Transplant.Annual Activity and Centre Specific Reports 2017\/18.https:\/\/www.odt.nhs.uk\/statistics\u2010andreports(Accessed 28 February 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050806"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2007.00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180104131174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Ethical issues in living donor kidney transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Mazaris E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000136654.85459.1E"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Reply to Glannon and ross: may parent to child organ donation be altruistic?","volume":"14","author":"Spital A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Camb Q Healthc Ethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-3-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"463","article-title":"The long term quality of life of living kidney donors: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Clemens K","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJT"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.02.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180117000378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S096318010521023X","article-title":"Response to \u201cIntrafamilial Organ Donation Is Often an Altruistic Act\u201d by Aaron Spital (CQ Vol 12, No 1) and \u201cDonor Benefit Is the Key to Justified Living Organ Donation,\u201d by Aaron Spital (CQ Vol 13, No 1): motivation, risk, and benefit in living organ donation: a reply to Aaron Spital","volume":"14","author":"Glannon W","year":"2005","journal-title":"Camb Q Healthc Ethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200208150-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2018-104762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200208150-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.22.2919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/nib.2012.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180112000370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1038-5282.2001.00400.x-i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","unstructured":"GargAX MuirheadN KnollG et\u00a0al.Donor nephrectomy outcomes research (DONOR) network."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001819"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318192dc95"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2011.01578.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40472-016-0083-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Giving until it hurts?: altruistic donation of solid organs","volume":"37","author":"Baskin J","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8519.00148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Transplant psychiatry","volume":"8","author":"Potts S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2012-100528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000179153.36227.2d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.292307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/data\/view\u2010data\u2010reports\/national\u2010data\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31820dd2bd"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2007.00785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2012.01524.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Unspecified kidney donation: a review of principles","volume":"95","author":"Sharif A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pract Pot Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015971"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2010.01374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200208270-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182328276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0160-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12438"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.2012.a495158","article-title":"Between reason and coercion: ethically permissible influence in health care and health policy contexts","volume":"22","author":"Blumenthal\u2010Barby JS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kennedy Inst Ethics J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2011.634481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924818781578"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2008.00870.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","unstructured":"BBC news report.http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/health\/7598278.stm."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000164150.53036.A1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.17611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-3-200608010-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008103430611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000087852.74220.9A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2012.752073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guiding principles on human organ transplantation.http:\/\/www.who.int\/ethics\/topics\/transplantation_guiding_principles\/en\/index1.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60967-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e328308b2d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6143.2003.00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3283097476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","unstructured":"Scheper\u2010HughesN.Neo\u2010cannibalism: the global trade in human organs. The hedgehog review critical reflections on contemporary culture: the body and being human2001;3:79.https:\/\/hedgehogreview.com\/issues\/the-body-and-being-human\/articles\/neo-cannibalism-the-global-trade-in-human-organs(accessed 24th of April 2021)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13234"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12488"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14225"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31824e75a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182063066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07120714"}],"container-title":["Transplant International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tri.13921","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/tri.13921","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/tri.13921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T22:22:16Z","timestamp":1699050136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/tri.13921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/tri.13921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tri.13921","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-0874","1432-2277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-0874","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]}}}