{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:34:01Z","timestamp":1769312041385,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPq 445250\/2014\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq 445250\/2014\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a transmissible cancer that is spread naturally between dogs, with the ability to develop and evade the immune system, despite strict immune surveillance of the host. Furthermore, molecular signalling between cells of the immune system and the tumour microenvironment appear to influence the behaviour and development of the tumour. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the expression of genes related to the immune system such as<jats:italic>IL\u20106, IFN\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>TGF\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, as well as angiogenic factors (<jats:italic>VEGF, CXCR4<\/jats:italic>), in CTVT cells<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>(primary culture), correlating with the clinical response of the animals treated with vincristine. As expected, the most prevalent subtype was plasmacytoid cells, although lymphocytic cells were also found, indicating the possibility of polyclonality. When we compared the gene expressions of<jats:italic>IFN\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>IL\u20106<\/jats:italic>, we mostly found low expression, concluding that MHC expression was probably not occurring in tumour cells, and no activation of immune cells to eliminate the tumour. The<jats:italic>TGF\u2010\u03b2<\/jats:italic>gene was normal in the majority of animals but demonstrated decreased expression in vincristine resistant animals, leading to the hypothesis that the concentration of tumour\u2010derived TGF\u2010\u03b2 was affecting and even suppressing the real TGF\u2010\u03b2 expression, favouring tumour proliferation and progression in these cases.<jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>expression was extremely high, demonstrating its angiogenic role in tumour growth, while<jats:italic>CXCR4<\/jats:italic>was decreased, possibly because of CTVT\u2019s low metastatic potential. Thus, we concluded that the tumour microenvironment, together with the immune system of the host, influences CTVT, presumably altering its tumorigenesis and the animal\u2019s clinical response to treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T04:36:44Z","timestamp":1520311004000},"page":"370-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Does the tumour microenvironment alter tumorigenesis and clinical response in transmissible venereal tumour in dogs?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1891-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Ballestero F\u00eao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UNESP Botucatu Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Montoya Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UNESP Botucatu Brazil"},{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad de Caldas Manizales Colombia"},{"name":"Universidad Pedag\u00f3gica y Tecnol\u00f3gica de Colombia Boyac\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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