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Theoretical toxicity calculations for a new definitive\u2010intent moderately hypofractionated RT protocol for canine anal sac adenocarcinomas (ASAC) were performed, focussing on the risk of toxicity in pelvic organs at risk (OAR). Computed tomography datasets of 18 dogs with stage 3b ASAC were included. Re\u2010planning with margins for daily image\u2010guidance\/IMRT was performed and a new protocol isoeffective to previously described definitive\u2010intent protocols was computed. Dose\u2010volume information were derived from individual plans and used for normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) computations. A 12 \u00d7 3.8 Gy protocol was computed for risk estimation. Tumour volumes ranged from 27.9 to 820.4 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (mean 221.3 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> \u00b1 188.9). For late rectal toxicity\/bleeding \u2265grade 2, median risk probability was 2.3% inter quartile range (IQR: 5.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 8.4) (rho = 0.436) and 3.4% (IQR: 0.96; 95%CI: 3.1, 4.0) (rho = 0.565), respectively. Median late toxicities in urinary bladder, kidneys and small bowel were &lt;1%, except in one kidney. Myelopathy\/myelonecrosis had a median risk probability of 4.1% (IQR: 23.5; 95%CI: 2.1, 25.2) (rho = 0.366) and 5.6% (IQR: 13.5; 95%CI: 3.1, 14.1) (rho = 0.363), respectively. However, graded risk showed a probability estimate for late spinal cord toxicity of \u22655% in 8\/18 patients. The daily\u2010imaging IMRT 12 \u00d7 3.8 Gy protocol for canine ASAC seems tolerable for most cases, even in advanced disease. Theoretical dose computations serve as estimate, but are safe measures before implementing new protocols into clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T02:14:36Z","timestamp":1534990476000},"page":"21-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A complication probability study for a definitive\u2010intent, moderately hypofractionated image\u2010guided intensity\u2010modulated radiotherapy protocol for anal sac adenocarcinoma in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0793-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Small Animal Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Besserer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology Hirslanden Clinic  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5733-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Rohrer Bley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Small Animal Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1476-5829.2003.00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01668.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.03.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.04.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.02.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.11.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00518-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"ESVONC Congress","author":"Rohrer Bley C","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13224-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2011.00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. 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