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The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high\u2010risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high\u2010risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69\u2009days, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81\u2009days, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long\u2010term control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,21]],"date-time":"2019-12-21T04:59:05Z","timestamp":1576904345000},"page":"389-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high\u2010risk mast cell tumours"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5529-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evi","family":"Pecceu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies &amp; Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Serra Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies &amp; Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Handel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies &amp; Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Piccinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies &amp; Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elspeth","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies &amp; Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Roslin 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