{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:24:31Z","timestamp":1784157871778,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002911","name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclophosphamide (multi\u2010drug therapy [MT]) with COX\u20102 inhibitor therapy alone (single\u2010drug therapy [ST]) in dogs diagnosed with secondary IMC. Clinical response, adverse events, overall survival time (OST), disease\u2010free survival (DFS) and time to progression (TTP) were evaluated. Sixteen patients were included, eight received MT and eight receiving ST. Median OST was significantly higher in patients receiving MT (96.0 vs. 37.5\u2009days; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.046) and in patients with post\u2010surgical rather than non\u2010surgical IMC (86.5 vs. 41.5\u2009days; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.038). Additionally, median TTP was significantly higher in patients treated with MT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.010). In patients with non\u2010surgical IMC, the clinical benefit (CB) was reached in 100% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20093) of patients receiving MT and in 33% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091) of those receiving ST; the response duration was significantly longer in MT cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.026). The absence of disease progression at day 30 of treatment was significantly associated with longer OST, DFS and TTP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.018, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.002 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001, respectively). Adverse events occurred more frequently in patients treated with MT compared with ST (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.026). The MT protocol produced primarily mild to moderate toxicities, which were resolved with supportive care; therefore, the combination of drugs was adequately tolerated by most of the patients. The combination of toceranib, a COX\u20102 inhibitor and oral cyclophosphamide may be a protocol with potential therapeutic efficacy for dogs with IMC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1628944000000},"page":"179-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with canine inflammatory mammary cancer treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide, a cyclooxygenase\u20102 inhibitor and toceranib phosphate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4106-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Alonso\u2010Miguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8531-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010San Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0296-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Alonso\u2010Diez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Clares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Portero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7135-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0426-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Alenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"971","article-title":"Inflammatory mammary carcinoma in the dog","volume":"9","author":"Susaneck SJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.8.967"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"Inflammatory mammary carcinoma in 12 dogs: clinical features, 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