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Sixty\u2010eight dogs bearing oral melanoma staged II and III that underwent surgery and anti\u2010CSPG4 electrovaccination, with available histological data and a minimum follow up of minimum 1\u2009year, were retrospectively selected. Bone invasion was detected on imaging and\/or histology. Median survival time of dogs with evidence of bone invasion (group 1) was 397\u2009days and significantly shorter compared with dogs with oral melanomas not invading the bone (group 2, 1063\u2009days). Dogs with tumours localised at the level of the cheek, lip, tongue and soft palate (soft tissue \u2010 group 3) lived significantly longer compared with dogs having tumours within the gingiva of the maxilla or mandible (hard tissue \u2010 group 4) with a median survival time of 1063 and 470\u2009days, respectively. Within group 4, the subgroup of dogs with tumours not invading the bone (group 5) showed a significant prolonged survival time (972\u2009days) in comparison with dogs of group 1 (bone invasion group). Similar results were obtained for the disease\u2010free intervals amongst the different groups. Statistical analysis showed that Ki67 and mitotic count were correlated with shorter survival in patients of group 1 (with bone invasion). Bone invasion should always be assessed since it appears to be a negative prognostic factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T05:14:19Z","timestamp":1629004459000},"page":"189-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prognostic impact of bone invasion in canine oral malignant melanoma treated by surgery and\n                    <scp>anti\u2010CSPG4<\/scp>\n                    vaccination: A retrospective study on 68 cases (2010\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2850-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariateresa","family":"Camerino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Torino  Torino 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