{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:49:56Z","timestamp":1783579796009,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002641","name":"Konkuk University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Escaping apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. Tumour necrosis factor\u2010related apoptosis\u2010inducing ligand (TRAIL), a central molecule that regulates the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, has been widely investigated in human oncology; however, investigations focusing on the endogenous expression of TRAIL in canine tumours are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the expression of endogenous TRAIL in canine mammary tumours and analysed its correlation with downstream molecules Fas\u2010associated protein with death domain (FADD) and caspase\u20103, and to the apoptotic index. A total of 147 samples, classified as normal mammary gland (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20099), mammary adenoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200930), low\u2010grade carcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200942) and high\u2010grade carcinoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200966), were included in the immunohistochemical analyses, and 43 samples with sufficient levels of RNA were analysed via RNA in situ hybridization and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. In immunohistochemistry, TRAIL protein expression was significantly decreased in high\u2010grade carcinoma compared to those in normal mammary gland and adenoma, with similar downregulation of TRAIL mRNA expression. Also, FADD and caspase\u20103 expression positively correlated with TRAIL expression. However, the apoptotic index was paradoxically elevated in high\u2010grade tumours. Overall, these results suggest that the loss of TRAIL accompanied by dysregulation of TRAIL\u2010induced extrinsic apoptotic pathway molecules could affect malignant progression of canine mammary tumours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T07:31:26Z","timestamp":1629703886000},"page":"207-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tumour necrosis factor<scp>\u2010related apoptosis\u2010inducing<\/scp> ligand (TRAIL) loss in canine mammary carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1662-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo\u2010Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung\u2010Joon","family":"Seung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Kyung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha\u2010Young","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung\u2010Hyang","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of 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