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The objective of this study was to determine whether dogs with these cancers, compared to unaffected control dogs, live in counties with higher tap water contaminants or higher levels of air pollution as measured by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and by National Air Toxics Assessment chemical exposure risk estimates. Dogs with available home addresses from two previously published case\u2013control populations were included: 66 dogs with UCC and 70 unaffected controls; and 56 boxer dogs with lymphoma and 84 unaffected boxer controls. Tap water total trihalomethanes, which are water disinfection by\u2010products, were more than threefold higher in UCC case counties of residence compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), and a higher proportion of dogs with UCC lived in counties exceeding EPA ozone limits (41.8%) compared to controls (13.6% <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0008). More boxers with lymphoma lived in counties exceeding EPA ozone limits (52.1%) compared to controls (29.0%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.018), with higher exposure risk estimates for airborne 1,3\u2010butadiene and formaldehyde (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004\u2013.005). These data support the hypothesis that tap water contaminants and airborne environmental pollutants contribute to the risk of both urothelial carcinoma and lymphoma in dogs. If these findings reflect causal relationships, then it is possible that tap water filtration units and more effective air pollution controls could decrease the overall incidence of these cancers in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T07:22:10Z","timestamp":1630740130000},"page":"246-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk of bladder cancer and lymphoma in dogs is associated with pollution indices by county of residence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Natalie","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristofer 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