{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:39Z","timestamp":1787016159933,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma accounts for roughly 30% of all types of lymphoproliferative neoplasia in dogs. Two forms of T\u2010cell lymphoma (T\u2010zone and peripheral T\u2010cell lymphoma) exhibit breed\u2010specific predilections. During the course of routine immunophenotyping, we observed a breed\u2010specific presentation of a unique form of T\u2010cell leukaemia in young English bulldogs. To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of a novel T\u2010cell leukaemia in English bulldogs and determine the frequency of this neoplasm in other breeds. The Clinical Hematopathology database, containing immunophenotyping data from peripheral blood of nearly 11\u2009900 dogs, was queried for the phenotype observed in young English bulldogs: CD45\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)\u2010low T\u2010cell leukaemia. Clinical presentation, treatment, and survival data were collected for a subset of cases. Fifty\u2010five English bulldog cases and 64 cases of other breeds were identified. No other breed was represented by &gt;5 cases. Complete medical records were obtained for 50 bulldogs. Median age at diagnosis was 3\u2009years and 76% of cases were male. Median lymphocyte count was 44\u2009286 lymphocytes\/\u03bcl (range, 1800\u2013317\u2009684\/\u03bcl) and lymphocytes were described as small to intermediate\u2010sized. Many dogs were thrombocytopenic and had liver and spleen involvement, but not lymphadenopathy. Bulldogs that received multi\u2010agent chemotherapy had longer median survival times (83\u2009days) compared to dogs that received no treatment (6\u2009days) or less aggressive therapy (15\u2009days) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u2009.001). Non\u2010bulldogs had similar outcomes. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    class II MHC\u2010low T\u2010cell leukaemia has an aggressive clinical course and predilection for young English bulldogs. Breed\u2010specific presentation suggests an underlying genetic cause.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T06:25:20Z","timestamp":1637216720000},"page":"416-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An aggressive\n                    <scp>\n                      CD4\n                      <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                      CD8\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n                    T\u2010cell neoplasm in young English bulldogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3661-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari A.","family":"Frankhouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily D.","family":"Rout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia D.","family":"Labadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janna A.","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado 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