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Various regulatory mechanisms of PD\u2010L1 expression have been described in human tumours, however, little is known in canine tumours. To investigate whether inflammatory signalling is involved in PD\u2010L1 regulation in canine tumours, the effects of interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 treatment were examined in canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CMeC and LMeC) and an osteosarcoma cell line (HMPOS). The protein level of PD\u2010L1 expression was upregulated by IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 stimulation. Upon IFN\u2010\u03b3 stimulation, all cell lines showed an increase in expression of <jats:italic>PD\u2010L1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>STAT3<\/jats:italic> and genes regulated by STAT activation. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of a JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib. Contrastingly, upon TNF\u2010\u03b1 stimulation, all cell lines exhibited higher gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) gene <jats:italic>RELA<\/jats:italic> and genes regulated by NF\u2010\u03baB activation, whereas expression of <jats:italic>PD\u2010L1<\/jats:italic> was upregulated in LMeC only. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of an NF\u2010\u03baB inhibitor, BAY 11\u20107082. The expression level of cell surface PD\u2010L1 induced by IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 treatment was reduced by oclacitinib and BAY 11\u20107082, respectively, indicating that upregulation of PD\u2010L1 expression by IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 stimulation is regulated via the JAK\u2010STAT and NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathways, respectively. These results provide insights into the role of inflammatory signalling in PD\u2010L1 regulation in canine tumours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T17:54:17Z","timestamp":1677002057000},"page":"279-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon\u2010\u03b3 and tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 in canine tumour cell lines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Owaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University  Sapporo 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