{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:40:56Z","timestamp":1763142056807},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Palliative\u2010intent radiation therapy can alleviate pain and clinical signs in dogs with cancer, but optimal fractionation scheme is unknown. The objective of this retrospective case series is to evaluate clinical benefit, objective response, adverse effects, and outcomes in 108 dogs with macroscopic solid tumours treated with a cyclical \u201cQUAD\u201d hypofractionated palliative\u2010intent radiation therapy protocol. Median QUAD dose was 14\u2009Gy (14\u201316\u2009Gy). Median total dose was 28\u2009Gy (14\u201348\u2009Gy). Clinical benefit rate was 93%, with median onset of subjective palliation 21\u2009days after the first QUAD, lasting a median of 134\u2009days. Tumour volumetric objective response was assessed with CT prior to the third QUAD in 36 dogs, with stable disease in 24 dogs (67%) and partial response in 9 dogs (25%). Sinonasal and oral were the most common tumour locations in 32 and 30 dogs, respectively. Median progression\u2010free survival was 153\u2009days (95% CI 114\u2013200). Median overall survival was 212\u2009days (95% CI 152\u2013259). Number of QUAD cycles completed, clinical benefit achieved, anti\u2010inflammatory received, total radiation dose, time to maximum clinical benefit, and response duration were positively associated with progression\u2010free and overall survival. Acute toxicities were observed in 15 dogs (14%) with 3 high\u2010grade (grade 3) toxicities (3%). Low\u2010grade (grade 1 and 2) late skin and ocular toxicities were observed in 31 dogs (29%), predominantly leukotrichia, alopecia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and cataracts. This report demonstrates that QUAD radiation is an alternative protocol to be considered for palliation of dogs with inoperable or advanced stage solid tumours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T23:23:45Z","timestamp":1681773825000},"page":"378-390","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Description and efficacy of a response\u2010based \u201c<scp>QUAD<\/scp>\u201d cyclical hypofractionated palliative\u2010intent radiation protocol in dogs with macroscopic solid tumours: 108 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Skylar R.","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua G.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parminder S.","family":"Basran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret C.","family":"McEntee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0420094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.1.72"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01907.x","article-title":"Response rate and duration associated with a 4 Gy 5 fraction palliative radiation protocol","volume":"53","author":"McDonald C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2008.00177.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Palliative radiotherapy of appendicular osteosarcoma in 95 dogs","volume":"40","author":"Ramirez O","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Radiol and Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1993.tb02022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0380445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0450024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0440116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01984.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Efficacy of radiation therapy for the treatment of macroscopic canine oral soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"20","author":"Poirier VJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0440100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2005.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/jcso.0201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X211070737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<207::AID-CNCR2820470134>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.3.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.041817lv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02144-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"CD001793","article-title":"Radiation for the palliation of painful bone metastases","volume":"2","author":"McQuay HJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00110-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-1779"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32487-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01882.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vco.12896","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T20:42:43Z","timestamp":1702240963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vco.12896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vco.12896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vco.12896","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5810","1476-5829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-5810","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}