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We hypothesised that household chemical exposures contribute to the risk of UCC in pet dogs. This prospective cross\u2010sectional case\u2013control study included 37 dogs with UCC and 37 unaffected breed\u2010, sex\u2010, and age\u2010matched controls. Dog owners completed an environmental questionnaire and household samples were collected and analysed for arsenic (in tap water and room dust) and acrolein (in room air). Urine samples from UCC dogs, control dogs, and consenting owners were analysed for inorganic arsenic species, the acrolein metabolite 3\u2010HPMA, and the phenoxy herbicide 2,4\u2010D. Public data on chlorination byproducts (total trihalomethanes) in municipal drinking water were also compared between case and control households. Dogs with UCC were more likely to swim in a pool (15.2%) compared with control dogs (0%) (OR 1.69, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.69\u2013\u221e; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). Dogs with UCC also had more than 4\u2010fold higher reported municipal water concentrations of chlorination byproducts (median 28.0\u2009ppb) compared with controls (median 6.9\u2009ppb; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Dust arsenic concentrations were unexpectedly lower in case households (median 0.277\u2009ng\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) compared with control households (median 0.401\u2009ng\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0002). Other outcomes were not significantly different between groups. These data suggest that dog owners, especially those of breeds known to be at higher risk for UCC, consider limiting access to swimming pools and installing water filtration units that remove total trihalomethanes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T01:54:05Z","timestamp":1708653245000},"page":"217-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Urinary and household chemical exposures in pet dogs with urothelial cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Braman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin 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