{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:54:21Z","timestamp":1789221261754,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018835","name":"Albert Heim Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) and prostate carcinoma (PC) frequently exhibit the <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V595E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mutation, akin to the <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V600E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mutation common in various human cancers. Since the initial discovery of the <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> mutation in canine cancers in 2015, PCR has been the standard method for its detection in both liquid and tissue biopsies. Considering the similarity between the canine <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V595E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> and human <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V600E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mutations, we hypothesized that immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BRAF<jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup>\u2010specific antibody could effectively identify the canine mutant BRAF<jats:sup>V595E<\/jats:sup> protein. We tested 122 canine UC (bladder <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009108, urethra <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), 21 PC, and benign tissue using IHC and performed digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) on all 122 UC and on 14 IHC positive PC cases. The results from ddPCR and IHC were concordant in 99% (135\/136) of the tumours. Using IHC, <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V595E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> was detected in 72\/122 (59%) UC and 14\/21 (65%) PC. Staining of all benign bladder and prostate tissues was negative. If present, mutant BRAF staining was homogenous, with rare intratumour heterogeneity in three (4%) cases of UC. Additionally, the <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V595E<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> mutation was more prevalent in tumours with urothelial morphology, and less common in glandular PC or UC with divergent differentiation. This study establishes that BRAF<jats:sup>V600<\/jats:sup>\u2010specific IHC is a reliable and accurate method for detecting the mutant <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>V595E<\/jats:sup> protein in canine UC and PC. Moreover, the use of IHC, especially with tissue microarrays, provides a cost\u2010efficient test for large\u2010scale screening of canine cancers for the presence of <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> mutations. This advancement paves the way for further research to define the prognostic and predictive role of this tumour marker in dogs and use IHC to stratify dogs for the treatment with BRAF inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T05:20:43Z","timestamp":1714022443000},"page":"295-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effective detection of <i>BRAF<sup>V595E<\/sup><\/i> mutation in canine urothelial and prostate carcinomas using immunohistochemistry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Leonore","family":"Aeschlimann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboklin GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Bad Kissingen Germany"},{"name":"Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine Institute of Pathology  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Guscetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Posthaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Aupperle\u2010Lellbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboklin GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Bad Kissingen Germany"},{"name":"Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine Institute of Pathology  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Rottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"de Brot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Sutton Bonington 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