{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:02:50Z","timestamp":1780624970981,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radiotherapy (RT) is increasingly utilised for definitive\u2010intent treatment of canine genitourinary carcinomas (CGUC). At our institution, the standard approach is to irradiate tomographically abnormal tissues gross tumour volume (GTV) plus a clinical target volume (CTV) expansion of 2\u2009cm. Cystourethroscopy is often incorporated into the treatment planning workflow, though an optimal approach has yet to be defined. This observational study evaluated cystourethroscopy as a tool for identifying gross lesions that can be targeted with RT. We hypothesised that in most cases, addition of cystourethroscopy would result in a larger GTV than would be drawn with computed tomography (CT) alone. Medical records from 54 dogs diagnosed with CGUC between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed; each had been evaluated before RT using CT and cystourethroscopy. The GTV was initially defined as the tomographically evident disease on a post\u2010contrast sagittal plane CT scan, and then lesions visualised with cystourethroscopy (suspected or confirmed to be tumour) were added. Beyond what was visible on CT, cystourethroscopy extended the GTV by a median of 6.5\u2009cm distally into the urethra (range: 1.5\u201331.8\u2009cm) and therefore resulted in GTV enlargement in 26 of 54 (48%) cases. Addition of our standard 2\u2009cm CTV expansion to a CT\u2010defined GTV (without use of data from cystourethroscopy) would have underestimated the extent of grossly abnormal tissue in 35% (19\/54) of cases. These results suggest that incorporating cystourethroscopy into treatment planning workflows may improve local tumour control by reducing the risk of a geographic miss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.13002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T23:38:04Z","timestamp":1727134684000},"page":"531-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Cystourethroscopy to Define the Gross Tumour Volume in Radiation Treatment Planning for Canine Genitourinary Carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Clarissa C.","family":"Freemyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4889-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Gieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly L.","family":"Vaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4432-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12286"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of Dogs With Transitional Cell Carcinoma Receiving Medical Therapy, With and Without Partial Cystectomy","volume":"62","author":"Bradbury M. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.19-0662"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-200282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01801-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-9485.2009.02102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Perez and Brady's Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology","author":"Halperin E. C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2017.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119155904.ch6"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vco.13002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vco.13002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vco.13002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:38:02Z","timestamp":1780623482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vco.13002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vco.13002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vco.13002","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5810","1476-5829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-5810","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}