{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:34:00Z","timestamp":1774924440411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>CCNU (1\u2010[2\u2010chloroethyl]\u20103\u2010cyclohexyl\u20101\u2010nitrosurea), lomustine, is an oral alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subgroup. The dose\u2010limiting toxicity of CCNU is neutropenia most frequently documented 7\u2009days after its administration. Use of prophylactic antimicrobials to prevent chemotherapy\u2010related febrile neutropenia (FN) and its associated morbidity and mortality has been well\u2010documented in human oncology, but this information is limited in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this multi\u2010institutional retrospective study was to assess whether antimicrobial prophylaxis reduced the risk of FN approximately 7\u2009days after CCNU administration in tumour\u2010bearing dogs. A secondary goal was to identify risk factors for fever development in neutropenic dogs. Two hundred dogs were included in the study. One hundred and fifty\u2010three dogs (76.5%) were neutropenic at the first post\u2010CCNU recheck. One hundred and six (69.3%) dogs received prophylactic antimicrobials and 47 (30.7%) did not. Of the 106 dogs on prophylactic antimicrobials, 8 (7.5%) developed FN. Of the 47 dogs in the no\u2010prophylactic antimicrobials group, 4 (8.5%) developed FN. Use of prophylactic antimicrobials did not reduce the risk of development of FN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.84). Older age (&gt;\u20099 y), lower weight and body surface area, and pre\u2010treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy were significantly associated with development of FN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Patients with a lower absolute neutrophil count, and a higher VCOG\u2010CTCAE v2 neutropenia grade were also at an increased risk of developing FN (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Additional studies may help establish guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs treated with CCNU, especially for those at high\u2010risk for FN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.13022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T18:18:54Z","timestamp":1730139534000},"page":"30-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prophylactic Antimicrobials for Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia in Tumour\u2010Bearing Dogs Treated With Lomustine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Meredith","family":"Gumash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olya A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie E. S.","family":"Lindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bailey Small Animal Teaching Hospital Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee  Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice","author":"Chabner B.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02937.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01452.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Lomustine (CCNU) and Prednisone Chemotherapy for High\u2010Grade Completely Excised Canine Mast Cell Tumors","volume":"60","author":"Hay J. 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