{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T01:48:57Z","timestamp":1772502537708,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most frequent cutaneous neoplasia of the dog, and they have very variable biological behaviour and survival times. Surgery is still the best treatment, and despite the several adjuvant therapies described, many cases are very aggressive and resistant to these treatments making it urgent to find new therapeutic targets. Nowadays, immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has been described as a complementary treatment for several human cancers, but it is still very scarcely studied in veterinary medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of the checkpoint proteins programmed death\u2010ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) and cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen\u20104 (CTLA\u20104) to evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets for MCT. Through immunohistochemical study, it was analysed the expression of PD\u2010L1 and CTLA\u20104 in 74 MCT cases from the archive of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the University of Porto (LabPatVet). Tumour size, histological grade, ki\u201067 proliferation index, mitotic count and presence of metastatic disease were also assessed. Most of the cases expressed both immune checkpoints in neoplastic cells. There was a statistically significant inverse association between the expression of CTLA\u20104 and MCT grade (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090,001) and mitotic count (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PD\u2010L1 was significantly and negatively related to HG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), and tumour size (<jats:italic>\u0440<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). Tumour size, histological grade and mitotic count were positively associated with metastatic disease. Additionally, it was observed that the expression of PD\u2010L1 and CTLA\u20104 was interrelated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This study demonstrated that MCT cells express both PD\u2010L1 and CTLA\u20104 and that their expression was associated with MCT prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.13036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T01:58:59Z","timestamp":1734659939000},"page":"109-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunohistochemical Expression of Programmed Death\u2010Ligand 1 and Cytotoxic T\u2010Lymphocyte Antigen\u20104 in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mariana Pinto","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Canadas\u2010Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Siences Vasco da Gama University School  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7572-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Aluai\u2010Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de F\u00e1tima Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7888-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia Ferreira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Animal Science and Study Centre\/Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (CECA\/ICETA), P. Gomes Teixeira  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03009858211009785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11040618"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157176","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Analysis of PD\u2010L1 Expression in Canine Malignant Cancers and PD\u20101 Expression on Lymphocytes in Canine Oral Melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Maekawa N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3266-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-021-00147-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2021.22.e75"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2020.110142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13121888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Canine Cancer","volume":"30","author":"Shosu K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820960131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2019-0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2020.100472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S105862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-022-01251-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01987-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4441-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(06)90002-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Strategies of Tumor Immune Evasion","volume":"19","author":"Seliger B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Novel Therap Strat"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vco.13036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:07:09Z","timestamp":1739750829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vco.13036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vco.13036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vco.13036","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5810","1476-5829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-5810","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}