{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T08:29:23Z","timestamp":1792744163292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment of canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) has evolved since its initial description in 1810. Initially considered untreatable in the early 20th century, extensive research over time has significantly advanced our understanding of its aetiopathogenesis. This led to successful chemotherapy treatments, which have shown superior outcomes compared to surgical interventions. Vincristine, in particular, has proven effective in treating CTVT. However, the development of chemoresistance underscores the need to explore alternative therapeutic options. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of CTVT treatment practices from 1950 to 2023, aiming to establish a gold standard and enhance clinical decision\u2010making. Initially, 3633 studies were identified, with 42 meeting the eligibility criteria. Our findings suggest that vincristine sulphate monotherapy is the recommended first\u2010line treatment for CTVT. Administering vincristine intravenously at a dosage of 0.5\u20130.75\u2009mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> weekly for 4\u20136 sessions resulted in a 93.1% (67.4%\u2013100%) complete response rate in dogs. Extending the treatment to eight sessions increased the complete response rate to 98.9% (83.3%\u2013100%). Radiation therapy, lomustine and doxorubicin are viable second\u2010line treatment options; however, extensive cohort studies are required to confirm their efficacy in achieving remission in vincristine\u2010resistant cases. Additionally, no clear criteria could be established for initiating treatment with drugs other than vincristine in previously untreated dogs. Surgery is considered a third\u2010line option. Notably, complete remission is anticipated following recommended systemic and local therapies in nearly all cases. Despite concerns about chemoresistance, current guidelines indicate a favourable response to suggested treatments even in resistant cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.13038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:05:23Z","timestamp":1736813123000},"page":"125-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical Guidelines for Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Ant\u00f4nio Bronhara","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong  Kowloon China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5187-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros","family":"Odatzoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Cambridge  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Ignatenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine LM University Munich  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael Rocha","family":"Wenceslau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Oliveira","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma Helena Sanches","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana de P\u00e1dua","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo dos Santos","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010014\u20100168\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.27833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2964(73)90090-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"The Transmissible Venereal Tumor of The Dog; Studies Indicating That The Tumor Cells Are Mature End Cells of Reticulo\u2010Endothelial Origin","volume":"27","author":"Bloom F.","year":"1951","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100442.2005.00743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1981.1807-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0368\u20101742(06)80078\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100\u2010736X2012000800016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Effects of X\u2010Ray Irradiation on the Transmissible Venereal Tumor of the dog","volume":"49","author":"Hataya M.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Gann"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20100813.1975.tb15806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.176.10.983","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic Management of Transmissible Venereal Tumors in 30 Dogs","volume":"176","author":"Brown N. O.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20105150\u2010pvb\u20107189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau9923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201016765\u2010w"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Resposta Do Tumor Ven\u00e9reo Transmiss\u00edvel Canino \u00c0 Quimioterapia Com Sulfato de Vincristina E Vimblastina","volume":"38","author":"Ramadinha R. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317\u201034\u20106\u2010463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20105829.2009.00204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15361\/2175\u20100106.2014v30n1p13\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48165\/ijvsbt.19.4.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins J. P. T.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34188\/bjaerv6n2\u2010056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15381\/rivep.v32i2.18416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.1678\u20104456.bjvras.2022.192646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v80i2.178"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Clinico\u2010Therapeutic Studies on Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour","volume":"21","author":"Athar M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"3385","article-title":"Effective Treatment of Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Dogs With Vincristine and IL2","volume":"35","author":"Den Otter W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740\u20108261.1982.tb01284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.1984.tb00467.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comprobaci\u00f3n de la efectividad de dos esquemas terap\u00e9uticos en el tratamiento del Tumor de Sticker en perros","volume":"7","author":"Herrera I. C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Veterinaria"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.1993.tb02732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5433\/1679\u20100359.2015v36n6p3795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15361\/2175\u20100106.2020v36n2p140\u2010147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"516","article-title":"Clinical Efficiency of Doxorubicin and Cisplatin in Treatment of Transmissible Venereal Tumor of Bitches","volume":"163","author":"\u00c7izmeci S. \u00dc.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revue M\u00e9d V\u00e9t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/51.4.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103\u20108478cr20220120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201015734\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20101152\u20103772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109975(05)80024\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u20101676.1990.tb00887.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Use of Exfoliative Cytology for Diagnosis of Transmissible Venereal Tumour and Controlling the Recovery Period in the Bitch","volume":"107","author":"Er\u00fcnal\u2010Maral N.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Deutsche Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5354\/0716\u2010260X.2000.9257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajbr.v7i3.54172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.1678\u20104456.v50i3p238\u2010246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14\u20100180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/JVS.2018.19.5.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2021\/9.8.1159.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13102"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","first-page":"608","article-title":"Intraocular Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Dogs: A Retrospective Review of 21 Cases","volume":"42","author":"Sritrakoon N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2022.100682"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Formas at\u00edpicas e aspectos cl\u00ednico\u2010epidemiol\u00f3gicos do tumor ven\u00e9reo transmiss\u00edvel canino no Brasil","volume":"38","author":"Peixoto P. V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21708\/avb.2015.9.1.5261"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Occurrence and Location of Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Dogs Seen at the Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro Veterinary Hospital: Oncology Sector Between 2010 and 2014","volume":"38","author":"Araujo D. C. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Met\u00e1stase Visceral De Tumor Ven\u00e9reo Transmiss\u00edvel Em C\u00e3o","volume":"16","author":"Cruz G. D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinaria e Zootecnia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15381\/rivep.v28i3.13363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X20926893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20105829.2012.00329.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2023.00730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","first-page":"412","article-title":"Comparative Therapeutic Approach of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumors (TVT)","author":"Al Vi\u0163\u0103laru B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientific Works C Series Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20109966\u201027\u201058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0719\u201081322019000200045"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vco.13038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T10:22:49Z","timestamp":1747390969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vco.13038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vco.13038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vco.13038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-5810","1476-5829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-5810","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}