{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:15:44Z","timestamp":1763136944377,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016247","name":"Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wroc\u0142awiu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The subtle sequence diversity and mutually exclusive expression patterns of T cell receptor beta chain constant genes,\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in mature human T cells, provide the basis for immune\u2010targeting strategies designed to eliminate clonally expanded malignant T cells while sparing a subset of normal T cells capable of maintaining immunocompetence. The evolutionarily conserved gene arrangement and regulation of\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>\n                    loci in mammals make these genes attractive targets for translational immune\u2010targeting strategies in companion species, including dogs. However, available\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence data relevant to common dog breeds remains limited. In this study, we investigated the sequence diversity and mRNA expression profiles of canine\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples representing 14 different dog breeds, and in six established canine haematopoietic cell lines of both T\u2010cell and non\u2010T\u2010cell origin (i.e., B and NK cell lines). Our analysis uncovered a previously unreported variation in the\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence encoding the transmembrane region but found no sequence diversity in the extracellular domain of TRBC1 and TRBC2. A nearly equal mRNA expression of TRBC1 and TRBC2 was consistently observed in bulk samples of canine PBMCs across all breeds, in contrast to canine cell lines, which exhibited a more skewed expression profile. Unexpectedly, germline mRNA expression of\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>\n                    was present in some (i.e., CLB70, GL1) but not other (i.e., CLBL1) canine cell lines of B cell origin. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the fully conserved amino acid sequence in the extracellular domain of canine TCR beta chain variants presents a challenge for the development of differential therapeutic antibodies. Additionally, the presence of germline\n                    <jats:italic>TRBC<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcripts in certain canine B\u2010cell neoplasms, but not others, may provide additional insights into the developmental stages from which these neoplasms originate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T07:19:26Z","timestamp":1752909566000},"page":"650-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sequence Diversity and Expression Profiles of T Cell Receptor Beta Chain Constant Genes\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>TRBC1<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>TRBC2<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Canine Lymphoid Tumour Cell Lines and Normal Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Pieczka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Moniakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Studzi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Kubiak\u2010Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7210-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Miazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2016.1152633"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813478210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci3020011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2016-0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.811.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-165971"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2022.101552"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-3"},{"volume-title":"The T Cell Receptor FactsBook","year":"2001","author":"Lefranc 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