{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:02:44Z","timestamp":1790042564378,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Comparative Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Doxorubicin is commonly used in the treatment of canine lymphoma and other malignancies but is associated with adverse effects, including gastrointestinal toxicity and myelotoxicosis. Previous veterinary studies have suggested that prophylactic antimicrobial administration may reduce chemotherapy\u2010associated toxicity and hospitalisation. However, the potential benefits of prophylactic antimicrobials must be balanced against risks, including antimicrobial resistance and dysbiosis. This retrospective study evaluated the effect of prophylactic trimethoprim\u2010sulfadiazine administration on gastrointestinal and haematologic adverse events in dogs with high\u2010grade multicentric lymphoma receiving doxorubicin for the first time. Medical records from three referral hospitals in Queensland, Australia were reviewed for dogs treated between January 2008 and November 2025. Adverse events occurring within 14\u2009days of doxorubicin administration were retrospectively graded using the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Sixty dogs met the inclusion criteria, including 21 dogs receiving prophylactic TMS and 39 receiving no prophylactic antibiotics. Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 14\/21 (66.7%) dogs receiving TMS compared with 13\/39 (33.3%) dogs receiving no antibiotics (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013). After controlling for lymphoma stage, prophylactic TMS administration was associated with a 3.69\u2010fold increase in the odds of GI toxicity (95% CI 1.13\u201312.11,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.031). No significant differences were identified between groups in severity of GI toxicity, haematologic toxicity, neutropenia or hospitalisation rates. Prophylactic TMS administration during doxorubicin chemotherapy was associated with increased GI toxicity in this cohort, contrasting with previous reports and supporting the need for prospective evaluation of prophylactic antimicrobial use in contemporary geographically distinct canine chemotherapy populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:15:06Z","timestamp":1790039706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Comparison of Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Dogs With Lymphoma Receiving Doxorubicin With or Without Prophylactic Trimethoprim\u2010Sulfadiazine"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9377-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Jayne","family":"Madden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Internal Medicine Department Queensland Veterinary Specialists  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pet Oncologist  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.11.1580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.10.1555","article-title":"Results of Surgery and Doxorubicin Chemotherapy in Dogs With Osteosarcoma","volume":"206","author":"Berg J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.11.1584","article-title":"Acute and Short\u2010Term Toxicoses Associated With the Administration of Doxorubicin to Dogs With Malignant Tumors","volume":"195","author":"Ogilvie G. K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb03131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.9.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-95-5-555"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.18.00366","article-title":"Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Adult Patients With Cancer\u2010Related Immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline Update Summary","volume":"14","author":"Taplitz R. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Oncology Practice\/ American Society of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"TNM Classification of Tumours in Domestic Animals","author":"Owen L. N.","year":"1980"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group \u2013 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG\u2010CTCAE v2) Following Investigational Therapy in Dogs and Cats","volume":"19","author":"LeBlanc A. 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N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03185-9","article-title":"Patterns of Antimicrobial, Multidrug and Methicillin Resistance Among Staphylococcus spp. Isolated From Canine Specimens Submitted to a Diagnostic Laboratory in a Descriptive Study","volume":"18","author":"Lord J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2024.106170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00270-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005963107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405470","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1405470","article-title":"Species\u2010Level Characterization of the Core Microbiome in Healthy Dogs Using Full\u2010Length 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Rojas C. 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P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06119-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Draft Updated Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance \u201cSeventy\u2010Ninth World Health Assembly \u201d(2026) https:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/ebwha\/pdf_files\/WHA79\/A79_5Add2\u2010en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15481"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","article-title":"Probiotics for Treating Acute Infectious Diarrhoea","volume":"2010","author":"Allen S. 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